The Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Attachment, Depression, and Quality of Life
Abstract
Background Self-compassion may be shaped by early attachment experiences, and has been linked to mental health and well-being. This study examined the role of two distinct features of self-compassion, self-warmth and self-coldness, in the relationship between attachment insecurity and depression as well as quality of life in a general population sample in Germany.Methods Participants (N = 2,253; 53.4% female, M age 50 years) completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Mediation analysis was used to examine whether insecure attachment predicted increased symptoms of depression and decreased quality of life through decreased self-warmth and increased self-coldness.Results Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms and significant indirect effect via self-warmth and self-coldness. The indirect effect via self-warmth appears to be of negligible magnitude. Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance had a significant direct effect on quality of life, and significant indirect effect via self-coldness. The indirect effect via self-warmth was not statistically significant, speaking against self-warmth as a relevant mediator.Limitations Causal conclusions cannot be drawn based on cross-sectional research design. All measures were based on participant self-report.Conclusions This study contributes to a more differentiated understanding of how attachment insecurity and self-compassion may contribute to affective disorders. Findings suggest that self-coldness may be particularly relevant in affective disorders and when addressing relational struggles, with both theoretical and clinical implications for psychotherapy and future research.
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These findings are consistent with existing literature supporting the association of self-compassion with higher levels of mindfulness and well-being, and lower levels of psychological distress and insecure attachment.
“These findings are consistent with existing literature supporting the association of self-compassion with higher levels of mindfulness and well-being, and lower levels of psychological distress and insecure attachment [17,18,24,116–119].”
From Validation of the compassionate engagement and action scales, compassion scale, and Sussex-Oxford compassion scales in a French-Canadian sample (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Brophy, K., Brähler, E., Hinz, A., Schmidt, S., & Körner, A.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Universität Greifswald (DE)
- McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Brophy, Kyla
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 260
- Pages
- 45-52
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2969435916
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 8.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- self-compassion, self-coldness, insecure attachment, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, depression, quality of life, mediation, mood disorders, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Empathy, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Object Attachment, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Self Report
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