The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement: The UWES-3 Validation Across Five Countries
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. The current study introduces an ultra-short, 3-item version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Using five national samples from Finland ( N = 22,117), Japan ( N = 1,968), the Netherlands ( N = 38,278), Belgium/Flanders ( N = 5,062), and Spain ( N = 10,040) its internal consistency and factorial validity vis-à-vis validated measures of burnout, workaholism, and job boredom are demonstrated. Moreover, the UWES-3 shares 86–92% of its variance with the longer nine-item version and the pattern of correlations of both versions with 9 indicators of well-being, 8 job demands, 10 job resources, and 6 outcomes is highly similar with an average, absolute difference between correlations of only .02. Hence, it is concluded that the UWES-3 is a reliable and valid indicator of work engagement that can be used as an alternative to the longer version, for instance in national and international epidemiological surveys on employee’s working conditions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852
Self-citationJob Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign
Karasek, R. A. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392498 · Cited by 12,597
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PERSONAL ENGAGEMENT AND DISENGAGEMENT AT WORK.
Kahn, W. A. (1990) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256287 · Cited by 10,975
The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1023/a:1015630930326 · Cited by 10,014
Self-citationJob demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.248 · Cited by 9,297
Self-citationScheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063 · Cited by 7,456
Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076546 · Cited by 7,246
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL: MEASUREMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION
LUTHANS, F., AVOLIO, B. J., AVEY, J. B., & NORMAN, S. M. (2007) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x · Cited by 4,809
The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation
Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663 · Cited by 4,028
Cited by
Work Engagement: A meta-Analysis Using the Job Demands-Resources Model
Mazzetti, G., Robledo, E., Vignoli, M., Topa, G., Guglielmi, D., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941211051988 · Cited by 912
Self-citationGalanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappalà, S., & Toscano, F. (2021) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002236 · Cited by 826
Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)—Development, Validity, and Reliability
Schaufeli, W. B., Desart, S., & De Witte, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249495 · Cited by 759
Self-citationMoreira-Fontán, E., García-Señorán, M., Conde-Rodríguez, Á., & González, A. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.007 · Cited by 195
Huhtala, M., Geurts, S., Mauno, S., & Feldt, T. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14861 · Cited by 98
Interruptions in Remote Work: a Resource-based Model of Work and Family Stress
Perry, S. J., Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wan, M., & Thompson, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-022-09842-y · Cited by 54
Holm, K., Jönsson, S., & Muhonen, T. (2023) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104429 · Cited by 42
Günther, N., Hauff, S., & Gubernator, P. (2022) · German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung · doi:10.1177/23970022221083694 · Cited by 42
Hart, A., Reis, D., Prestele, E., & Jacobson, N. C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/34015 · Cited by 22
The shadows of digitisation: on the losses of health-oriented leadership in the face of ICT hassles
Klebe, L., Felfe, J., Krick, A., & Pischel, S. (2024) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2183053 · Cited by 23
Working, scrolling, and worrying: Doomscrolling at work and its implications for work engagement
Hughes, I. M., Keith, M. G., Lee, J., & Gray, C. E. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108130 · Cited by 18
Nuutinen, S., & Bordi, L. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Management · doi:10.1108/ijem-04-2023-0211 · Cited by 6
“Work engagement was measured using the three-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-3) (Schaufeli et al. , 2017).”
MethodFor whom and under what circumstances does email message batching work?
Wijngaards, I., Pronk, F. R., & Burger, M. J. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100494 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M., & De Witte, H.
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychological Assessment
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 577-591
- ISSN
- 1015-5759 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-2426
- OpenAlex
- W2765227437
- Cited by
- 834
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 33.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
