Multiple timescales for neutralization of fossil fuel CO 2
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The long term abiological sinks for anthropogenic CO 2 will be dissolution in the oceans and chemical neutralization by reaction with carbonates and basic igneous rocks. We use a detailed ocean/sediment carbon cycle model to simulate the response of the carbonate cycle in the ocean to a range of anthropogenic CO 2 release scenarios. CaCO 3 will play only a secondary role in buffering the CO 2 concentration of the atmosphere because CaCO 3 reaction uptake capacity and kinetics are limited by the dynamics of the ocean carbon cycle. Dissolution into ocean water sequesters 70–80% of the CO 2 release on a time scale of several hundred years. Chemical neutralization of CO 2 by reaction with CaCO 3 on the sea floor accounts for another 9–15% decrease in the atmospheric concentration on a time scale of 5.5–6.8 kyr. Reaction with CaCO 3 on land accounts for another 3–8%, with a time scale of 8.2 kyr. The final equilibrium with CaCO 3 leaves 7.5–8% of the CO 2 release remaining in the atmosphere. The carbonate chemistry of the oceans in contact with CaCO 3 will act to buffer atmospheric CO 2 at this higher concentration until the entire fossil fuel CO 2 release is consumed by weathering of basic igneous rocks on a time scale of 200 kyr.
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The response of atmospheric CO2 to ocean-sediment interaction comprises contributions from two mechanisms: dissolution of previously deposited carbonates (seafloor CaCO3 neutralization) and imbalance between weathering and sedimentation (terrestrial CaCO3 neutralization).
“The response of atmospheric CO 2 to ocean-sediment interaction actually comprises contributions from two different mechanisms: (1) the dissolution of carbonates previously deposited to the sediments (seafloor CaCO 3 neutralization) and (2) imbalance between weathering and sedimentation (terrestrial CaCO 3 neutralization) [Archer et al., 1997[Archer et al., , 1998]].”
From Regulation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> by deep‐sea sediments in an Earth system model (2007) · cites this paper as Archer et al., 1997
The estimated 8.3 ka timescale is near identical to previous 3-D ocean-based model analyses (8.2-8.5 ka) and consistent with the 6300-11,800 year secondary alkalinity response of Sundquist [1990].
“Our estimated timescale of 8.3 ka (Figure 7c) is near identical to previous 3-D ocean-based model analyses (8.2À8.5 ka [Archer et al., 1997[Archer et al., , 1998]]) and consistent with the 6300À11,800 year ''secondary alkalinity response'' of Sundquist [1990].”
From Regulation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> by deep‐sea sediments in an Earth system model (2007) · cites this paper as Archer et al., 1997
Previous analysis of the role of deep-sea sediments in the long-term fate of fossil fuel CO2 employed off-line tracer-transport marine carbon cycle models in which the ocean circulation was prescribed.
“Previous analysis of the role of deep-sea sediments in the long-term fate of fossil fuel CO 2 employed off-line tracer-transport marine carbon cycle models in which the ocean circulation was prescribed [e.g., Archer et al., 1997Archer et al., , 1998;;Sundquist, 1990].”
From Regulation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> by deep‐sea sediments in an Earth system model (2007) · cites this paper as Archer et al., 1997
Because the GENIE-1 model contains a climate component, the authors are able to extend previous analysis by explicitly assessing the impact of major feedbacks between CO2 and climate on carbonate compensation.
“Because the GENIE-1 model contains a climate component we are able to extend the analysis made in formative earlier studies [e.g., Archer et al. , 1997Archer et al. , , 1998;;Sundquist, 1990] by now explicitly assessing the impact of major feedbacks between CO 2 and climate on carbonate compensation.”
From Regulation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> by deep‐sea sediments in an Earth system model (2007) · cites this paper as Archer et al., 1997
The estimated 1.7 ka timescale for seafloor CaCO3 neutralization is consistent with a 1500-2700 year timescale estimated for a primary alkalinity response in box models, but about 3 times shorter than the 5-6 ka estimated by Archer et al. [1997, 1998].
“This is consistent with a 1500-to 2700-year timescale estimated for a primary alkalinity response in box models [Sundquist, 1990], but about 3 times shorter than the 5À6 ka estimated by Archer et al. [1997Archer et al. [ , 1998]].”
From Regulation of atmospheric CO <sub>2</sub> by deep‐sea sediments in an Earth system model (2007) · cites this paper as Archer et al., 1997
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- Authors
- Archer, D., Kheshgi, H., & Maier‐Reimer, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- ExxonMobil (United States) (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (DE)
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1997-02-15
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 405-408
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W1982477622
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Keywords
- anthropogenic CO2, ocean carbon cycle, calcium carbonate dissolution, ocean alkalinity, CO2 sequestration, fossil fuel emissions, carbonate chemistry
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