Alterations of nitrate and nitrite content in saliva, serum, and urine in patients with salivary dysfunction
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The role of the salivary glands in the maintenance of nitrate and nitrite in saliva is poorly understood. The aim was to study alterations of nitrate and nitrite metabolisms in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) or sialosis. METHODS: Saliva, serum, and urine samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n = 29), patients with SS (n = 31), and patients with sialosis (n = 30). Concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: In the healthy group, the highest concentration of nitrate was found in parotid saliva (172 mg/l), followed by urine (160 mg/l), whole saliva (97 mg/l), and serum (33 mg/l). In the SS group, concentration of nitrate was decreased in parotid saliva and whole saliva, and increased significantly in urine. Concentration of nitrite in whole saliva was significantly decreased in the SS group and increased in the sialosis group. CONCLUSION: Hypofunction of the salivary glands is associated with significant changes of nitrate and nitrite levels in the saliva and urine.
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Approximately 25% of total circulating nitrate is actively sequestered into salivary glands and concentrated in saliva up to 20 times that in plasma, in proportion to the dietary load of nitrate.
“In proportion to the dietary load of nitrate, approximately 25% of total circulating nitrate is actively sequestered into salivary glands and concentrated in saliva up to 20 times that in plasma[73,75,82–88].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
In the setting of salivary gland dysfunction, there is a decrease in salivary nitrate concentration and corollary increase in urinary excretion, thereby reducing total body nitrate content and its enterosalivary circulation.
“In the setting of salivary gland dysfunction, there is a decrease in salivary nitrate concentration and corollary increase in urinary excretion, thereby reducing total body nitrate content and its enterosalivary circulation[84,193,231,293].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Xia, D., Deng, D., & Wang, S.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Peking University Cancer Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Songlin
- Venue
- Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-01-24
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-99
- ISSN
- 0300-9777 (ISSN-L)
- 0904-2512
- 1600-0714
- OpenAlex
- W2033819058
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
- Keywords
- nitrate, nitrite, salivary gland dysfunction, Sjögren's syndrome, sialosis, salivary gland hypofunction, parotid saliva, urinary nitrate, serum nitrate
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrates, Nitrites, Parotid Gland, Saliva, Salivary Gland Diseases, Salivation, Secretory Rate, Sjogren's Syndrome, Case-Control Studies
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