Sialin ( SLC17A5 ) functions as a nitrate transporter in the plasma membrane
Open accessAbstract
In vivo recycling of nitrate (NO 3 − ) and nitrite (NO 2 − ) is an important alternative pathway for the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and maintenance of systemic nitrate–nitrite–NO balance. More than 25% of the circulating NO 3 − is actively removed and secreted by salivary glands. Oral commensal bacteria convert salivary NO 3 − to NO 2 − , which enters circulation and leads to NO generation. The transporters for NO 3 − in salivary glands have not yet been identified. Here we report that sialin ( SLC17A 5 ), mutations in which cause Salla disease and infantile sialic acid storage disorder (ISSD), functions as an electrogenic 2NO 3 − /H + cotransporter in the plasma membrane of salivary gland acinar cells. We have identified an extracellular pH-dependent anion current that is carried by NO 3 − or sialic acid (SA), but not by Br − , and is accompanied by intracellular acidification. Both responses were reduced by knockdown of sialin expression and increased by the plasma membrane-targeted sialin mutant (L22A-L23A). Fibroblasts from patients with ISSD displayed reduced SA- and NO 3 − -induced currents compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, expression of disease-associated sialin mutants in fibroblasts and salivary gland cells suppressed the H + -dependent NO 3 − conductance. Importantly, adenovirus-dependent expression of the sialinH183R mutant in vivo in pig salivary glands decreased NO 3 − secretion in saliva after intake of a NO 3 − -rich diet. Taken together, these data demonstrate that sialin mediates nitrate influx into salivary gland and other cell types. We suggest that the 2NO 3 − /H + transport function of sialin in salivary glands can contribute significantly to clearance of serum nitrate, as well as nitrate recycling and physiological nitrite-NO homeostasis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In some cases, the reaction may not produce free hydroxyl radical but other metal-based oxidizing species.
“Therefore, in some cases, the reaction may not produce free hydroxyl radical but other metal-based oxidizing species (759, 1020).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [759]
The source of this iron is most likely plasma-released Hb; the reaction of plasma Hb with peroxides can cause the release of free iron.
“The source of this iron is most likely plasma-released Hb; whereas Hb or heme are not catalysts for the Fenton reaction, the reaction of plasma Hb with peroxides can cause the release of free iron (389, 759).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [759]
Approximately 25% of total circulating nitrate is actively sequestered into salivary glands and concentrated in saliva up to 20 times that in plasma, in proportion to the dietary load of nitrate.
“In proportion to the dietary load of nitrate, approximately 25% of total circulating nitrate is actively sequestered into salivary glands and concentrated in saliva up to 20 times that in plasma[73,75,82–88].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [85]
Nitrate content in saliva is highly regulated.
“Nitrate content in saliva is highly regulated[85,86,193,231].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [85]
An active nitrate transporter, sialin, has recently been described in salivary glands.
“An active nitrate transporter, sialin, has recently had been described in salivary glands [44].”
From Skeletal muscle as an endogenous nitrate reservoir (2015) · cites this paper as [44]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics
Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Gladwin, M. T. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2466 · Cited by 2,739 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is emerging as a potential therapeutic target in such diseases as myocardial infarction, stroke, gastric ulcers, and pulmonary hypertension (1, 2).”
BackgroundInfluentialPao, S. S., Paulsen, I. T., & Saier, M. H. (1998) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.62.1.1-34.1998 · Cited by 2,297 · see citing works
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation
Cosby, K., Partovi, K. S., Crawford, J. H., Patel, R. P., Reiter, C. D., Martyr, S., Yang, B. K., Waclawiw, M. A., Zalos, G., Xu, X., et al. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm954 · Cited by 1,807 · see citing works
Benjamin, N., O'Driscoll, F., Dougall, H., Duncan, C., Smith, L., Golden, M., & McKenzie, H. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/368502a0 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
A mammalian functional nitrate reductase that regulates nitrite and nitric oxide homeostasis
Jansson, E. Å., Huang, L., Malkey, R., Govoni, M., Nihlén, C., Olsson, A., Stensdotter, M., Petersson, J., Holm, L., Weitzberg, E., et al. (2008) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.92 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Roles of dietary inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease
Lundberg, J. O., Carlström, M., Larsen, F. J., & Weitzberg, E. (2011) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvq325 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Nitrite‐derived nitric oxide: a possible mediator of ‘acidic–metabolic’ vasodilation
Modin, A., Björne, H., Herulf, M., Alving, K., Weitzberg, E., & Lundberg, J. O. N. (2001) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00771.x · Cited by 346 · see citing works
A new gene, encoding an anion transporter, is mutated in sialic acid storage diseases
Verheijen, F. W., Verbeek, E., Aula, N., Beerens, C. E. M. T., Havelaar, A. C., Joosse, M., Peltonen, L., Aula, P., GALJAARD, H., van der Spek, P. J., et al. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/70585 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The effect of dietary nitrate on salivary, plasma, and urinary nitrate metabolism in humans
Pannala, A. S., Mani, A. R., Spencer, J. P. E., Skinner, V., Bruckdorfer, K. R., Moore, K. P., & Rice-Evans, C. A. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01353-9 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Gladwin, M. T., Ognibene, F. P., Pannell, L. K., Nichols, J. S., Pease‐Fye, M. E., Shelhamer, J. H., & Schechter, A. N. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.180155397 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
The Arabidopsis CHL1 protein plays a major role in high-affinity nitrate uptake
Wang, R., Liu, D., & Crawford, N. M. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.15134 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Barbier‐Brygoo, H., Vinauger, M., Colcombet, J., et al. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00139-5 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of human solute carrier transporter superfamilies
Nishimura, M., & Naito, S. (2008) · Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2133/dmpk.23.22 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Identification of a vesicular aspartate transporter
Miyaji, T., Echigo, N., Hiasa, M., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804015105 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Guo, F., Wang, R., & Crawford, N. M. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.370.835 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Functional characterization of wild‐type and mutant human sialin
Morin, P., Sagné, C., & Gasnier, B. (2004) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600464 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Nitrite-derived nitric oxide: a possible mediator of 'acidic-metabolic' vasodilation
Modin, A., Björne, H., Herulf, M., et al. (2001) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.171001009.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Varied Mechanisms Underlie the Free Sialic Acid Storage Disorders
Wreden, C. C., Wlizla, M., & Reimer, R. J. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m411295200 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Jia, W., Tovell, N., Clegg, S. J., Trimmer, M., & Cole, J. A. (2008) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20080746 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Mutation-induced Blocker Permeability and Multiion Block of the CFTR Chloride Channel Pore
Gong, X., & Linsdell, P. (2003) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.200308889 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sialin expression in the CNS implicates extralysosomal function in neurons
Aula, N., Kopra, O., Jalanko, A., & Peltonen, L. (2004) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2003.11.017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Destruction of parotid glands affects nitrate and nitrite metabolism
Xia, D. S., Deng, D. J., & Wang, S. L. (2003) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910308200205 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationAula, N., Jalanko, A., Aula, P., et al. (2002) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1096-7192(02)00124-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Brown, S. D., Chang, J. L., Sadée, W., et al. (2003) · AAPS PharmSci · doi:10.1208/ps050101 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Yarovaya, N., Schot, R., Fodero, L. R., McMahon, M., Mahoney, A., Williams, R., Verbeek, E., Bondt, A. D., Hampson, M., van der Spek, P. J., et al. (2005) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.12.020 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Xia, D., Deng, D., & Wang, S. (2003) · Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00109.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationA novel chloride conductance activated by extracellular ATP in mouse parotid acinar cells
Arreola, J., & Melvin, J. E. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2003.00197.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Blood Pressure
Dejam, A., Hunter, C. J., & Gladwin, M. T. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc070163 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Martín, Y., Navarro, F. J., & Siverio, J. M. (2008) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-008-9363-z · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A novel chloride conductance activated by extracellular ATP in mouse parotid acinar cells
Arreola, J., & Melvin, J. E. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.028373 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in rabbit saliva
Djekoun-Bensoltane, S., Kammerer, M., Larhantec-Verdier, M., Pilet, N., & Thorin, C. (2006) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2006.07.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Postnatal expression of sialin in the mouse submandibular gland
He, M., Lin, F., Qin, L., et al. (2011) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.04.019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Strategies to increase nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular disease
Lundberg, J. O., Gladwin, M. T., & Weitzberg, E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4623 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
The physiology of salivary secretion
Proctor, G. B. (2016) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12116 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
Tejero, J., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2017 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control
Kapil, V., Haydar, S. M. A., Pearl, V., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Ahluwalia, A. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Nitrates/Nitrites in Food—Risk for Nitrosative Stress and Benefits
Karwowska, M., & Kononiuk, A. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9030241 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Novel Aspects of Dietary Nitrate and Human Health
Weitzberg, E., & Lundberg, J. O. (2013) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161159 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Nitrate and Nitrite in Health and Disease
Ma, L., Hu, L., Feng, X., & Wang, S. (2018) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2017.1207 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationVelmurugan, S., Gan, J. M., Rathod, K. S., Khambata, R. S., Ghosh, S. M., Hartley, A., Van Eijl, S., Sagi-Kiss, V., Chowdhury, T. A., Curtis, M., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.116244 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Kapil, V., Khambata, R. S., Jones, D. A., Rathod, K., Primus, C., Massimo, G., Fukuto, J. M., & Ahluwalia, A. (2020) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.120.019240 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Dietary Nitrate and Physical Performance
Jones, A. M., Thompson, C., Wylie, L. J., & Vanhatalo, A. (2018) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051622 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The oral microbiome and nitric oxide homoeostasis
Hezel, M., & Weitzberg, E. (2015) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12157 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Koch, C. D., Gladwin, M. T., Freeman, B. A., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Morris, A. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Jones, A. M., Vanhatalo, A., Seals, D. R., Rossman, M. J., Piknova, B., & Jonvik, K. L. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002470 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Burleigh, M. C., Liddle, L., Monaghan, C., Muggeridge, D. J., Sculthorpe, N., Butcher, J. P., Henriquez, F. L., Allen, J. D., & Easton, C. (2018) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.023 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Human skeletal muscle nitrate store: Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise
Wylie, L. J., Park, J. W., Vanhatalo, A., Kadach, S., Black, M. I., Stoyanov, Z., Schechter, A. N., Jones, A. M., & Piknova, B. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp278076 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
From Nitrate to Nitric Oxide: The Role of Salivary Glands and Oral Bacteria
Qu, X. M., Wu, Z. F., Pang, B. X., Jin, L. Y., Qin, L. Z., & Wang, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034516673019 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationSkeletal muscle as an endogenous nitrate reservoir
Piknova, B., Park, J. W., Swanson, K. M., Dey, S., Noguchi, C. T., & Schechter, A. N. (2015) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2015.02.145 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Dietary nitrate reduces resting metabolic rate: A randomized, crossover study in humans
Larsen, F. J., Schiffer, T. A., Ekblom, B., Mattsson, M. P., Checa, A., Wheelock, C. E., Nyström, T., Lundberg, J. O., & Weitzberg, E. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.079491 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wang, J., Krizowski, S., Fischer-Schrader, K., Niks, D., Tejero, J., Sparacino-Watkins, C., Wang, L., Ragireddy, V., Frizzell, S., Kelley, E. E., et al. (2015) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5397 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gee, L. C., & Ahluwalia, A. (2016) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-015-0623-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Jädert, C., Phillipson, M., Holm, L., Lundberg, J. O., & Borniquel, S. (2014) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.012 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Nitrate as a source of nitrite and nitric oxide during exercise hyperemia in rat skeletal muscle
Piknova, B., Park, J. W., Kwan (Jeff) Lam, K., & Schechter, A. N. (2016) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Total salivary nitrates and nitrites in oral health and periodontal disease
Sánchez, G. A., Miozza, V. A., Delgado, A., & Busch, L. (2014) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2013.10.012 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Jin, L., Qin, L., Xia, D., Liu, X., Fan, Z., Zhang, C., Gu, L., He, J., Ambudkar, I. S., Deng, D., et al. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.015 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationLiddle, L., Burleigh, M. C., Monaghan, C., Muggeridge, D. J., Sculthorpe, N., Pedlar, C. R., Butcher, J., Henriquez, F. L., & Easton, C. (2019) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2018.12.003 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
From nitrate to NO: potential effects of nitrate-reducing bacteria on systemic health and disease
Liu, H., Huang, Y., Huang, M., Wang, M., Ming, Y., Chen, W., Chen, Y., Tang, Z., & Jia, B. (2023) · European Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01413-y · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nitric oxide, aging and aerobic exercise: Sedentary individuals to Master's athletes
Shannon, O. M., Clifford, T., Seals, D. R., Craighead, D. H., & Rossman, M. J. (2022) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nitrate transport in salivary glands with implications for NO homeostasis
Lundberg, J. O. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1210412109 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Clarke, C., Kiernan, M., Willis, J. R., Gallardo-Alfaro, L., Casas-Agustench, P., White, D., Hickson, M., Gabaldon, T., & Bescos, R. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.035 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A “green” diet-based approach to cardiovascular health? Is inorganic nitrate the answer?
Rathod, K. S., Velmurugan, S., & Ahluwalia, A. (2016) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500313 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Rocha, B. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.778467 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“About 25% of circulating nitrate is transported by sialin, an electrogenic nitrate/H transporter, into the salivary glands and secreted into the oral cavity (Lundberg et al., 2008; Qin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundYang, Z., Du, C., Chang, Z., Yang, Y., & Hu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1612223 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Liu, H., Hu, L., Kagami, H., & Wang, S. (2024) · Medicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.medp.2023.100003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative aspects of nitric oxide production in the heart
Ghasemi, A., & Jeddi, S. (2022) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07889-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bescos, R., Gallardo-Alfaro, L., Ashor, A., Rizzolo-Brime, L., Siervo, M., & Casas-Agustench, P. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.11.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Salivary-Gland-Mediated Nitrate Recirculation as a Modulator for Cardiovascular Diseases
Pang, B., Qi, X., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15030439 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Qin, L., Liu, X., Sun, Q., Fan, Z., Xia, D., Ding, G., Ong, H. L., Adams, D., Gahl, W. A., Zheng, C., Qi, S., Jin, L., Zhang, C., Gu, L., He, J., Deng, D., Ambudkar, I. S., & Wang, S.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (US)
- Peking University Cancer Hospital (CN)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-07-09
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 13434-13439
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3421170
- OpenAlex
- W2035991920
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (30430690, 81170975, 30125042)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2010CB944801, 2007CB947304 and 2010CB944801)
- National Human Genome Research Institute
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- sialin, SLC17A5, nitrate transporters, salivary glands, nitrate recycling, nitric oxide, sialic acid, intracellular acidification, Salla disease, salivary acinar cells
- MeSH terms
- Nitrate Transporters, Acids, Adenoviridae, Animals, Anions, Biological Transport, Cell Membrane, Fibroblasts, Mutation, Nitrates, Protons, Submandibular Gland, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Anion Transport Proteins, Organic Anion Transporters, Symporters, Sialic Acid Storage Disease, Sus scrofa, Intracellular Space
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
