Nitrite in Human Saliva. Its Possible Relationship to Nitrosamine Formation23
Abstract
Nitrite was consistently found in human saliva at levels of usually 6-10 ppm. The nitrite level did not seem to be strongly influenced by the composition of a meal, and in some individuals a narrow range of nitrite concentration was maintained for a long time. In agreement with earlier work, parotid ductal saliva was found to be free of nitrite, and a major route of nitrite formation was via microbial reduction of nitrate naturally present in saliva. Exploration of various parameters related to the reduction of nitrate to nitrite did not demonstrate a clear correlation between measurements on individuals and their level of salivary nitrite. The microorganisms responsible for nitrite formation were identified and quantified, and the relationships between nitrate consumption and nitrite formation explored. These complex relationships suggested that the tree nitrite in saliva represents the “spillover” of that formed in microbial cells.
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The half-life of exogenously administered nitrite can range between 20-30 minutes.
“Earlier studies reported the half-life of NO2- in blood to be approximately 110 seconds; however, it is now clear that the half life of exogenously administered nitrite can range between 20–30 minutes thus making it a readily available buffering metabolite to maintain NO bioavailability [52, 68, 69].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [52]
Nitrate dependent nitrite production is predominantly generated from the enterosalivary circulatory system delivery of nitrate to the oral cavity where it is reduced by commensal bacteria nitrate reductase activity present in the digestive system.
“As such, nitrate dependent nitrite production is predominantly generated from the enterosalivary circulatory system delivery of nitrate to the oral cavity where it is reduced by commensal bacteria nitrate reductase activity present in the digestive system (Figure 2) [49–53].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [52]
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Türkdoğan, M. K., Testereci, H., Akman, N., Kahraman, T., Kara, K., Tuncer, İ., & Uygan, İ. (2003) · The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hazards of Nitrate, Nitrite, and N-Nitroso Compounds in Human Nutrition
Archer, M. C. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-332601-0.50014-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Food Polyphenols as Preventive Medicine
Kanner, J. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12122103 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“In stomach nitrite can react with secondary amines at the low pH of gastric fluid to form nitrosamines [53].”
Background
- Authors
- Tannenbaum, S. R., Sinskey, A. J., Weisman, M., & Bishop, W.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1974-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-784
- ISSN
- 0027-8874 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2105
- OpenAlex
- W2319869190
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 17.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Keywords
- salivary nitrite, nitrosamine formation, nitrate reduction, salivary microorganisms, parotid saliva, dietary nitrate intake
- MeSH terms
- Corynebacterium, Diet, Fusobacterium, Humans, Lactates, Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitrosamines, Nocardia, Oxidation-Reduction, Parotid Gland, Pyruvates, Saliva, Staphylococcus, Veillonella
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