Negative mood, depressive symptoms, and major depression after smoking cessation treatment in smokers with a history of major depressive disorder.

Kahler, Christopher W., Brown, Richard A., Ramsey, Susan E., Niaura, Raymond, Abrams, David B., Goldstein, Michael G., Mueller, Timothy I., Miller, Ivan W.·2002·Journal of Abnormal Psychology
DOI 10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.670

Abstract

Negative mood, depressive symptoms, and major depressive episodes (MDEs) were examined in 179 smokers with a history of major depression in a trial comparing standard smoking cessation treatment to treatment incorporating cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression (CBT-D). Early lapses were associated with relatively large increases in negative mood on quit date. Mood improved in the 2 weeks after quit date among those returning to regular smoking but not among those smoking moderately. Continuous abstinence was associated with short- and long-term reductions in depressive symptoms. MDE incidence during follow-up was 15.3% and was not associated with abstinence. Unexpected was that CBT-D was associated with greater negative mood and depressive symptoms and increased MDE risk. Results suggest complex bidirectional associations between affect and smoking outcomes.

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