The DOI matches its Crossref record; 188 of the 188 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term working memory.
Abstract
To account for the large demands on working memory during text comprehension and expert performance, the traditional models of working memory involving temporary storage must be extended to include working memory based on storage in long-term memory. In the proposed theoretical framework cognitive processes are viewed as a sequence of stable states representing end products of processing. In skilled activities, acquired memory skills allow these end products to be stored in long-term memory and kept directly accessible by means of retrieval cues in short-term memory, as proposed by skilled memory theory. These theoretical claims are supported by a review of evidence on memory in text comprehension and expert performance in such domains as mental calculation, medical diagnosis, and chess.
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In the citing paper
“cognition in the real world is, in our view, usually influenced by relevant knowledge structures”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995
In the citing paper
“Cognitive resources are best conceptualized as functional capacity created by the interaction between cognitive-processing efficiency and task-relevant knowledge”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995
In the citing paper
“Working memory was limited in capacity and duration when dealing with novel information but these limitations effectively disappeared when working memory dealt with information transferred from long-term memory.”
From Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later (2019) · cites this paper as Ericsson and Kintsch (1995)
In the citing paper
“The capacity and duration limits of working memory are eliminated when working memory deals with familiar information organized in long-term memory rather than unfamiliar information from the environment.”
From An Evolutionary Upgrade of Cognitive Load Theory: Using the Human Motor System and Collaboration to Support the Learning of Complex Cognitive Tasks (2012) · cites this paper as Ericsson and Kintsch 1995
In the citing paper
“In addition to the efficiency afforded by schema creation, individuals are thought to be able to extend domain-specific long-term working memory with experience in a given field despite the traditional supposition that working memory itself is static (Ericsson and Kintsch 1995).”
From Measuring physician cognitive load: validity evidence for a physiologic and a psychometric tool (2017) · cites this paper as Ericsson and Kintsch 1995
Citations
Cites
The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
Miller, G. A. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.343 · Cited by 17,559
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.3.363 · Cited by 9,564
Self-citationShiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60422-3 · Cited by 7,216
Axten, N., Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1973) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063712 · Cited by 6,886
Anderson, J. R. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9781315799438 · Cited by 6,761
Individual differences in working memory and reading
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90312-6 · Cited by 6,336
Newell, A. (1972) · Cited by 6,222
(1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,051
Flagged first, then by citations
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Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1 · Cited by 7,776
The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?
Baddeley, A. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01538-2 · Cited by 7,359
The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity
Cowan, N. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01003922 · Cited by 6,779
Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.104.2.211 · Cited by 6,282
Working memory: Looking back and looking forward
Baddeley, A. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1201 · Cited by 5,200
Metadata
- Authors
- Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- ORCID
- Ericsson, K. Anders
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-245
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2001467963
- Cited by
- 3,498
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 161 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 212 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 150 · 2012: 162
- FWCI
- 51.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 15872)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- long-term working memory, working memory, text comprehension, expert performance, retrieval cues, short-term memory, mental arithmetic, diagnosis, chess, memory ability
- MeSH terms
- Aptitude, Attention, Concept Formation, Humans, Mental Processes, Retention, Psychology
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