Cited by 3,498Cognitive Abilities and TestingMemory Processes and InfluencesReading and Literacy Development

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Long-term working memory.

Ericsson, K. Anders, Kintsch, Walter·1995·Psychological Review

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Abstract

To account for the large demands on working memory during text comprehension and expert performance, the traditional models of working memory involving temporary storage must be extended to include working memory based on storage in long-term memory. In the proposed theoretical framework cognitive processes are viewed as a sequence of stable states representing end products of processing. In skilled activities, acquired memory skills allow these end products to be stored in long-term memory and kept directly accessible by means of retrieval cues in short-term memory, as proposed by skilled memory theory. These theoretical claims are supported by a review of evidence on memory in text comprehension and expert performance in such domains as mental calculation, medical diagnosis, and chess.

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Authors: Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
ORCID: Ericsson, K. Anders
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1995
Volume: 102
Issue: 2
Pages: 211-245
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.211
OpenAlex: W2001467963
Cited by: 3,498
References: 188
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 161 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 212 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 150 · 2012: 162
FWCI: 51.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 15872)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Keywords: long-term working memory, working memory, text comprehension, expert performance, retrieval cues, short-term memory, mental arithmetic, diagnosis, chess, memory ability
MeSH terms: Aptitude, Attention, Concept Formation, Humans, Mental Processes, Retention, Psychology

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Long-term working memory.

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