Cited by 7,766Education, Achievement, and GiftednessHuman Behavior and MotivationBehavioral Health and Interventions

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Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Locke, Edwin A., Latham, Gary P.·2002·American Psychologist

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Abstract

The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory, describing the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705

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Additional file 5 of Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention
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Additional file 2 of Improved intention, self-efficacy and social influence in the workspace may help low vision service workers to discuss depression and anxiety with visually impaired and blind adults
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Additional file 3 of Engagement is a necessary condition to test audit and feedback design features: results of a pragmatic, factorial, cluster-randomized trial with an embedded process evaluation
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Additional file 2 of Settings matter: a scoping review on parameters in robot-assisted gait therapy identifies the importance of reporting standards
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Additional file 1 of Randomized controlled trial of tailored audit with feedback in VHA long-term care settings
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Additional file 2 of Engagement is a necessary condition to test audit and feedback design features: results of a pragmatic, factorial, cluster-randomized trial with an embedded process evaluation
McCleary, N., Desveaux, L., Presseau, J., Reis, C., Witteman, H. O., Taljaard, M., Linklater, S., Thavorn, K., Dobell, G., Mulhall, C. L., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22800035
Additional file 1 of Engagement is a necessary condition to test audit and feedback design features: results of a pragmatic, factorial, cluster-randomized trial with an embedded process evaluation
McCleary, N., Desveaux, L., Presseau, J., Reis, C., Witteman, H. O., Taljaard, M., Linklater, S., Thavorn, K., Dobell, G., Mulhall, C. L., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22800032
Additional file 3 of Rehabilitation for children with chronic acquired brain injury in the Child in Context Intervention (CICI) study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Additional file 3 of Within- and between-therapist agreement on personalized parameters for robot-assisted gait therapy: the challenge of adjusting robotic assistance
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Additional file 2 of Development of the Feedback Quality Instrument: a guide for health professional educators in fostering learner-centred discussions
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Additional file 3 of Improved intention, self-efficacy and social influence in the workspace may help low vision service workers to discuss depression and anxiety with visually impaired and blind adults
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Additional file 1 of Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention
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“This aligns with the broader motivational theories that include cognitive-oriented perspectives such as self-efficacy [4], goal-setting [5], and trait motivation [6].”

Authors: Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
ORCID: Locke, Edwin A.
Latham, Gary P.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Pages: 705-717
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705
OpenAlex: W4237356565
Cited by: 7,766
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 527 · 2025: 509 · 2024: 464 · 2023: 511 · 2022: 428 · 2021: 456 · 2020: 540 · 2019: 467 · 2018: 460 · 2017: 421 · 2016: 395 · 2015: 408 · 2014: 370 · 2013: 313 · 2012: 333
FWCI: 59.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: goal setting, task motivation, motivation theories, goal difficulty, goal specificity, feedback, task difficulty
MeSH terms: Goals, Humans, Motivation, Psychological Theory

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Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

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