Cited by 1,251Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorBody Image and Dysmorphia Studies

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A prospective test of the dual pathway model of bulimic pathology: mediating effects of dieting and negative affect

Stice, Eric·2001·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Abstract

Because there have been few longitudinal investigations of integrative etiological theories of bulimia nervosa, this study prospectively tested the dual-pathway model using random regression growth curve models and data from a 3-wave community sample of adolescent girls (N = 231). Initial pressure to be thin and thin-ideal internalization predicted subsequent growth in body dissatisfaction, initial body dissatisfaction predicted growth in dieting and negative affect, and initial dieting and negative affect predicted growth in bulimic symptoms. There was prospective evidence for most of the hypothesized mediational effects. Results are consistent with the assertion that pressure to be thin, thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, and negative affect are risk factors for bulimic pathology and provide support for the dual-pathway model.

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BackgroundInfluential
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Presseller, E. K., Lampe, E. W., Zhang, F., Gable, P. A., Guetterman, T. C., Forman, E. M., & Juarascio, A. S. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/47098 · Cited by 12
Gender Conceptualizations in Female High School Seniors: Relationships with Global Self-Worth and Multiple Measures of Body Image
Horn, T. S., Newton, J. H., & Evers, J. M. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-0028-z · Cited by 11
“As noted by a number of writers (e.g., Davison and McCabe 2006 ;H arter1999; Ricciardelli and McCabe 2001; Stice 2001 ), adolescent girls, particularly those who are exposed to Westernized cultural mores, may hold rather negative perceptions of their physical appearance and exhibit concern about their body’s attractiv…”
Background
Body dissatisfaction mediates the relationship between self-esteem and restrained eating in female undergraduates.
Gianini, L. M., & Smith, J. E. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100831 · Cited by 11
“As a potential explanation of these results, the cognitive-behavioral model posits that low self-esteem is a potent risk factor for developing an overvaluation of one’s body shape, which in turn may lead to restrained eating in an attempt to achieve a more satisfactory shape and size (Meijboom, Jansen, Kampman, & Scho…”
BackgroundResult
Family Influence on Disordered Eating Behaviour
Fortesa, K., & Kërqeli, A. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.379 · Cited by 11
Change processes in residential cognitive therapy for bulimia nervosa
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Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Integrated Primary Care: Recommendations for Psychologists in Integrated Care Settings
Buchholz, L. J., King, P. R., & Wray, L. O. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-017-9497-8 · Cited by 11
“Lastly, according to the dual-pathway model, dieting is thought to exert an influence on the development of eating pathology due to an increase in both negative affect and bulimic symptomatology (Stice & Agras, 1998; Stice, 2001).”
Background
Adolescent stress: A predictor of dieting behaviors in youth with overweight/obesity
Ajibewa, T. A., ZHOU, M. S., Barry, M. R., Miller, A. L., Sonneville, K. R., Leung, C. W., & Hasson, R. E. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104560 · Cited by 11
Effects of a thin body shape nudge and other determinants of adolescents’ healthy and unhealthy food consumption in a school setting
Kawa, C., Gijselaers, W., Nijhuis, J. F. H., & Ianiro-Dahm, P. M. (2021) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104388 · Cited by 12
A randomised cross-over pilot study investigating the use of acupuncture to promote weight loss and mental health in overweight and obese individuals participating in a weight loss program
Fogarty, S., Stojanovska, L., Harris, D., Zaslawski, C., Mathai, M. L., & McAinch, A. J. (2015) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-014-0175-7 · Cited by 11
Healthy Body Image Intervention Delivered to Young Women via Facebook Groups: Formative Study of Engagement and Acceptability
Stapleton, J. L., Manne, S. L., Day, A. K., Levonyan‐Radloff, K., & Pagoto, S. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.9429 · Cited by 11
“The intervention approach is guided by body image theories that demonstrate cultural experiences can negatively impact how young women view their bodies and may lead to a preoccupation with obtaining an unrealistic, culturally-derived ideal appearance [7,8].”
Background
Sex differences in body satisfaction, feeling fat and pressure to diet among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
Lam, T., Stewart, S. M., Leung, G. M., Ho, S. Y., Fan, A. H., & Ma, A. L. (2002) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.480 · Cited by 11
“Although eating pathology has long been considered multifactorial in aetiology, relatively few efforts have been made to develop and empirically evaluate theoretical models that delineate how body size, self assessments, attitudes and behaviours are related to each other (Stice and his group’s work (e.g. Stice 2001 )…”
Background
Dieting as a Risk Factor for Eating Disorders
Stice, E. M., & Burger, K. S. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118574089.ch24 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
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Teall, T. L. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 11
Family Socioeconomic Position and Eating Disorder Symptoms Across Adolescence
Hahn, J. S., Flouri, E., Harrison, A., Lewis, G., & Solmi, F. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.27934 · Cited by 11
A latent profile analysis of the functions of binge eating
O’Loghlen, E., Galligan, R. F., & Grant, S. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01147-0 · Cited by 10
A Controlled Randomized Preliminary Trial of a Modified Dissonance‐Based Eating Disorder Intervention Program
Green, M., Willis, M., Fernandez‐Kong, K., Reyes, S., Linkhart, R., Johnson, M., Thorne, T. J., Lindberg, J., Kroska, E. B., & Woodward, H. E. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22468 · Cited by 10
Ergenlerde Sosyal Medyada Görünüş Algısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
KURTULUŞ, H. Y., USTA, T. K., & Kurtuluş, E. (2022) · e-Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.30900/kafkasegt.974005 · Cited by 11
The Not So Subtle and Status Quo Maintaining Nature of Everyday Sexism
Vescio, T. K., & Kosakowska‐Berezecka, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.019 · Cited by 10
Mediating role of depressive symptoms linking insecure attachment and disordered eating in adolescents: A multiwave longitudinal study
Cortés-García, L., Viddal, K. R., Wichstrøm, L., & Senra, C. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001029 · Cited by 6
“In light of the above evidence, some authors have forwarded the idea that increased depressiveness may be a candidate mechanism by which insecure attachment could put adolescents at risk for (Cortés-García, Takkouche, Seoane, & Senra, 2019; Jewell et al., 2016) or to maintain symptoms of EDs (Tasca, 2018; Tasca & Balf…”
BackgroundInfluential
When Eating Intuitively Is Not Always a Positive Response: Using Machine Learning to Better Unravel Eaters Profiles
Monthuy‐Blanc, J., Faghihi, U., Fardshad, M. N. G., Corno, G., Iceta, S., St-Pierre, M.-J., & Bouchard, S. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12165172 · Cited by 13
“The high levels of body dissatisfaction are alarming given the well-documented role of body image dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders and other mental health conditions [16,78,79].”
Background
Clinical heterogeneity of sleep quality, emotional and behavioral characteristics, and eating habits in adolescents with obesity: A cluster analysis
Nikitina, I. L., Vtornikova, N. I., & Kelmanson, I. A. (2024) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05406-1 · Cited by 10
“…that stress and psychological negative states (e.g., negative affect; anxiety and depression) interfered with efforts to maintain a restricted diet [64] and were related to overeating, a preference for sweet and fat food [65], emotional eating, loss of control over eating, and binge eating…”
Adaptation and implementation of body project as a universal body image program in Mexico and Latin America
Trujillo, E., Winterman, B., Compte, E. J., Rodríguez, G., Pérez, M., & Becker, C. B. (2024) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2024.2360256 · Cited by 9
“Per the dual pathway model (Stice, 2001), decreased appearance-ideal internalization, in turn, cascades into reduced body dissatisfaction.”
Exploring Interpersonal Guilt: Association with Emotion Dysregulation, Mentalization, Frustration Intolerance, and Body Appreciation.
Leonardi, J., Dazzi, F., & Gazzillo, F. (2025) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2025.53.2.235 · Cited by 8
Psicofisiología del ansia por la comida y la bulimia nerviosa
Rodríguez, S., Mata, J. L., & Moreno, S. (2007) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 9
Cognitive dissonance-based eating disorder prevention: pilot study of a cultural adaptation for the Orthodox Jewish community
Casasnovas, A. F., Huryk, K. M., Levinson, D., Markowitz, S., Friedman, S., Stice, E. M., & Loeb, K. L. (2019) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2019.1644797 · Cited by 9
“Extending the dual pathway model, Stice and colleagues hypothesized that reducing thin-ideal internalization, should, in turn, reduce body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and ED symptoms (Stice, 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Associations between body image patterns and body image-related pathology in sexual minority individuals: A mixture-modeling approach
Klimek, P., Calzo, J. P., Roesch, S. C., & Blashill, A. J. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.02.003 · Cited by 12
The study of eating disorders from a network perspective: A scoping systematic review.
Sala, M., Kressel, M., Schechter, A., Schupak, M., Deitsch, T., Hagan, K. E., Breithaupt, L. E., & Levinson, C. A. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/cps0000173 · Cited by 11
Body Image and the Role of Television
Kinnally, W., & Vonderen, K. E. V. (2014) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/0973258614545016 · Cited by 9
Anxiety as a predictor of anorexia and bulimia risk: Comparison between universitaries of Baja California and Mexico City
Pineda-García, G., Gómez‐Peresmitré, G., Acevedo, S. P., & Ariza, V. V. (2016) · Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rmta.2016.10.001 · Cited by 9
Affect-based profiles of Bulimia Nervosa: The utility and validity of indicators assessed in the natural environment
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Transactions among thinness expectancies, depression, and binge eating in the prediction of adolescent weight control behaviors
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Mediating Effects of Intimacy Between Body Talk and Girls’ Body Dissatisfaction: The Forgotten Sibling Relationship
Johnson, E. L., & Salafia, E. H. B. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01590-9 · Cited by 15
Stress, Spiritual Coping, and Bulimia: Feeling Punished by God/Higher Power
Buser, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.35.2.g57871267wg641r2 · Cited by 9
“A belief that the stress was caused by punishment and discipline by God/Higher Power may result in an individual feeling ashamed and guilty, which may then stimulate bulimic symptoms as a way to manage this negative effect (Heatherton & Baumeister, 1991; Stice, 2001).”
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A novel assessment of behaviors associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating
Lavender, J. M., & Anderson, D. A. (2008) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.04.004 · Cited by 9
“Studies also suggest that body dissatisfaction is associated with depression and lower self-esteem (McCreary & Sasse, 2000; Stice, Hayward, Cameron, Killen, & Taylor, 2000), as well as potentially harmful behaviors including extreme dieting, excessive exercise (Ricciardelli & McCabe, 2004; Stice, 2001), and anabolic s…”
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When thought suppression backfires: its moderator effect on eating psychopathology
Ferreira, C., Palmeira, L., Trindade, I. A., & Catarino, F. (2015) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0180-5 · Cited by 9
An Intervention to Modify Expectations of Unrealistic Rewards from Thinness
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Authors: Stice, E.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author: Stice, Eric
ORCID: Stice, Eric
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2001-02
Volume: 110
Issue: 1
Pages: 124-135
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.110.1.124
OpenAlex: W2097312669
Cited by: 1,251
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 87 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 23.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH-19908, MH 01708, K01MH001708, T32MH019908)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Keywords: bulimia nervosa, dual-pathway model, dieting, negative affect, body dissatisfaction, thin-ideal internalization, adolescent girls, bulimic symptoms, mediation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Affect, Body Image, Bulimia, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Models, Psychological, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Social Conformity, Body Mass Index

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A prospective test of the dual pathway model of bulimic pathology: mediating effects of dieting and negative affect

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