The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness.
Abstract
Cross-cultural research is dominated by the use of values despite their mixed empirical support and their limited theoretical scope. This article expands the dominant paradigm in cross-cultural research by developing a theory of cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of social norms and the degree of sanctioning within societies) and by advancing a multilevel research agenda for future research. Through an exploration of the top-down, bottom-up, and moderating impact that cultural tightness-looseness has on individuals and organizations, as well as on variance at multiple levels of analysis, the theory provides a new and complementary perspective to the values approach.
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Cites
The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.
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“Homogeneity of thought is also facilitated in organizations in tight societies by a high degree of alignment or bundling across organizational practices that communicate similar expectations to individuals (Baird & Meshoulam, 1988; Bowen & Ostroff, 2004; Delery, 1998; Wright & McMahan, 1992).”
BackgroundAccounting for the effects of accountability.
Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.255 · Cited by 2,383
The effects of promotion and prevention cues on creativity.
Friedman, R. S., & Förster, J. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1001 · Cited by 1,094
The Strength of Corporate Culture and the Reliability of Firm Performance
Sørensen, J. B. (2002) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3094891 · Cited by 1,004
Influences on Human Resource Management Practices in Multinational Corporations
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The Collective Construction of Work Group Moods
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The silence of the library: Environment, situational norm, and social behavior.
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Cited by
Abusive Supervision in Work Organizations: Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda
Tepper, B. J. (2007) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206307300812 · Cited by 1,698
Cultures and Selves: A Cycle of Mutual Constitution
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610375557 · Cited by 1,625
Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior
Gelfand, M. J., Erez, M., & Aycan, Z. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085559 · Cited by 1,238
Self-citationTaras, V., Kirkman, B. L., & Steel, P. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018938 · Cited by 1,160
Tightness–looseness across the 50 united states
Harrington, J. R., & Gelfand, M. J. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1317937111 · Cited by 708
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Psychology
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1225-1244
- ISSN
- 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1854
- OpenAlex
- W2032882307
- Cited by
- 1,090
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 22.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9910760)
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- Gelfand, M. J., Nishii, L. H., & Raver, J. L. (2006). On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1225
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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