Cognitive–behavioral self-help for binge eating disorder: A controlled effectiveness study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 methods of administering a cognitive-behavioral self-help program for binge eating disorder. The study was designed to reproduce many of the conditions that apply in settings in which self-help interventions are most relevant. Seventy-two women with binge eating disorder were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions for 12 weeks: pure self-help (PSH), guided self-help (GSH), or a waiting list (WL) control condition (followed by PSH or GSH). They were then followed up for 6 months. Both PSH and GSH had a substantial and sustained impact with almost half the participants ceasing to binge eat. There was little change in the WL condition. Cognitive-behavioral self-help may be of value both as an initial treatment for binge eating disorder and as a form of secondary prevention.
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CBT delivered as guided or pure self-help interventions is efficacious in the treatment of BED.
“CBT treatment, delivered as guided or pure self-help interventions, also proved efficacious in the treatment of BED [19].”
From Acceptance and efficacy of a guided internet self-help treatment program for obese patients with binge eating disorder (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
The 45% abstinence rate is comparable to the percentage of abstinence observed with guided self-help books for BED with the less stringent criterion of no binge eating episodes for the last 28 days.
“This percentage is comparable to the percentage of abstinence observed with guided self-help books for BED with the less stringent criterion of no binge eating episodes for the last 28 days [19, 20].”
From Acceptance and efficacy of a guided internet self-help treatment program for obese patients with binge eating disorder (2011) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Adapted from Kazdin 2017 (in press). binge eating using CBTgsh for individuals with BED (Carter & Fairburn, 1998), and a culturally adapted version of CBTgsh for Mexican Americans with binge eating, using master’s-level psychology students facilitators providing support sessions over the phone,…”
MethodInfluentialTherapist competence, therapy quality, and therapist training
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Self-citationBinge eating disorder treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
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“Another suggested that higher initial self-esteem predicts a poorer outcome, although the effect was small, accounting for 6% of the variance in outcome.(22) No replicated factors associated with outcome were identified.”
MethodVocks, S., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., Pietrowsky, R., Rustenbach, S. J., Kersting, A., & Herpertz, S. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20696 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
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Brownley, K. A., Berkman, N. D., Peat, C. M., Lohr, K. N., Cullen, K., Bann, C., & Bulik, C. M. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-2455 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
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Wilfley, D. E., Wilson, G. T., & Agras, W. S. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10209 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
“Other treatments that have been shown to be effective in treating BED include dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001) and guided self-help based on cognitive-behavioral principles (Carter & Fairburn, 1998).”
BackgroundCooper, Z., Doll, H., Hawker, D. M., Byrne, S. M., Bonner, G., Eeley, E., O'Connor, M. E., & Fairburn, C. G. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.008 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
“This mode of treatment delivery was based on our experience using guided self-help in the treatment of eating disorders (Carter & Fairburn, 1998).”
MethodSelf-citationBinge eating disorder: a review
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Reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire in patients with binge eating disorder
Reas, D. L., Grilo, C. M., & Masheb, R. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.004 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“The EDE-Q is being increasingly used to measure treatment outcome (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Walsh, Fairburn, Mickley, Sysko, & Parides, 2004) and in prospective epidemiological studies (Mond, Hay, Rodgers, Owen, & Beumont, 2004b).”
MethodGrilo, C., Masheb, R., & Wilson, G. T. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.002 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Two forms of disordered eating in obesity: binge eating and night eating
Stunkard, A. J., & Allison, K. C. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802186 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Cognitive–behavioral guided self-help for eating disorders: Effectiveness and scalability
Wilson, G. T., & Zandberg, L. J. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.03.001 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
THE CONSEQUENCES AND COSTS OF THE EATING DISORDERS
Agras, W. S. (2001) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70232-x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa and binging
Hay, P. P., Bacaltchuk, J., Stefano, S., & Kashyap, P. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000562.pub3 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Grilo, C. M., & Masheb, R. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.11.010 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“…with bulimia nervosa (Carter et al., 2003; Palmer, Birchall, McGrain, & Sullivan, 2002; Thiels, Schmidt, Treasure, Garthe, & Troop, 1998) and BED (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Loeb, Wilson, Gilbert, & Labouvie, 2000) using minimal therapist guidance with CBT (Grilo, 2000; Wilson, Vitousek, & Loeb,…”
BackgroundMethodGhaderi, A. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.02.004 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“…experience and empirical findings from efficacy and effectiveness studies (e.g. Agras et al., 1992; Agras, Walsh, Fairburn, Wilson, & Kraemer, 2000; Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Fairburn et al., 1991; Treasure et al., 1996; Wilfley et al., 1993; Wilson, Eldredge, Smith, & Niles, 1991; Wilson,…”
Carrard, I., Crépin, C., Rouget, P., Lam, T., Golay, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.004 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“CBT for BED was also evaluated in self-help format, with results comparable to individual CBT or group therapy (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Grilo & Masheb, 2005).”
ResultLinardon, J. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22897 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Stepped care treatment for eating disorders.
Wilson, G. T., Vitousek, K. M., & Loeb, K. L. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.564 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa and binging
Hay, P. P., Bacaltchuk, J., & Stefano, S. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000562.pub2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Salant, S. L. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Psychological Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder
McClendon, J., Gredysa, D. M., Altman, M., & Wilfley, D. E. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0277-8 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Attrition rates in this study were typical of those reported in others [25, 33].”
ResultPeat, C. M., Berkman, N. D., Lohr, K. N., Brownley, K. A., Bann, C., Cullen, K., Quattlebaum, M. J., & Bulik, C. M. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2517 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Our review does highlight favourable outcomes from a self-help approach to CBT (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Grilo & Masheb, 2005; Peterson et al., 2009; Peterson et al., 1998; Wilson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodLinardon, J., Garcia, X. D. L. P., & Brennan, L. (2016) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2492 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Childhood Maltreatment in Extremely Obese Male and Female Bariatric Surgery Candidates<sup>**</sup>
Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., Brody, M., Toth, C., Burke‐Martindale, C. H., & Rothschild, B. S. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.16 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
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Guided and unguided self-help for binge eating
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Linardon, J., Hindle, A., & Brennan, L. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22850 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“…of effectiveness studies (e.g., few exclusion criteria, delivering treatment in a primary care setting), only three RCTs included in the present review described themselves as a blended efficacy–effectiveness study (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; DeBar et al., 2011; StriegelMoore et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMunsch, S., Biedert, E., Meyer, A. H., Michael, T., Schlup, B., Tuch, A., & Margraf, J. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20350 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Eating Problems and Eating Disorders
Keel, P. K., & Haedt, A. A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701817832 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“None Carter & Fairburn (1998)a 39.7 21–59 CBT: Pure self-help (35) CBT: Guided self-help (34) Waitlist (24) .”
InfluentialSelf-help and guided self-help for eating disorders
Perkins, S., Murphy, R., Schmidt, U. H., & Williams, C. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004191.pub2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
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Stunkard, A. J., & Allison, K. C. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10210 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
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Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Wilson, G. T. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.602 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
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Dölemeyer, R., Tietjen, A., Kersting, A., & Wagner, B. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-207 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Abbreviations RCT: Randomized controlled trial; CT: Controlled trial; CBT: Cognitive behavioural therapy; BN: Bulimia nervosa; BED: Binge eating disorder; EDNOS: Eating disorder not other specified; EDI: Eating Disorder Inventory; EDE-Q: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; BITE: Bulimia Investigatory Test Edinb…”
BackgroundGuided self-help for eating disorders: a systematic review and metaregression
Traviss‐Turner, G. D., West, R. M., & Hill, A. J. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2507 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Guided self-help versus pure self-help for perfectionism: A randomised controlled trial
Pleva, J., & Wade, T. D. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.009 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“In recent years, there has been increasing interest in self-help therapies for a variety of psychological disorders, including eating disorders (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Palmer, Birchall, McGrain, & Sullivan, 2002), depression (Landreville & Bissonnette, 1997), panic disorder (Lidren et al., 1994),…”
BackgroundHilbert, A., Petroff, D., Herpertz, S., Pietrowsky, R., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., Vocks, S., & Schmidt, R. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23297 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Palmer, R. L., Birchall, H. M., McGrain, L., & Sullivan, V. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.181.3.230 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Peterson, C. B., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Crosby, R. D., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09030345 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“In an attempt to develop less costly treatments that can be more easily disseminated, several investigations have found that cognitive-behavioral and psychoeducational techniques administered in self-help (13) or guided self-help formats have led to improvements in binge eating in those with binge eating disorder (14-…”
BackgroundMasson, P. C., von Ranson, K. M., Wallace, L. M., & Safer, D. L. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.08.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Motivational enhancement therapy and self-help treatment for binge eaters.
Dunn, E. C., Neighbors, C., & Larimer, M. E. (2006) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.20.1.44 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Ricca, V., Castellini, G., Mannucci, E., Lo Sauro, C., Ravaldi, C., Rotella, C. M., & Faravelli, C. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.09.019 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Psychological and dietary treatments of binge eating disorder: Conceptual implications
Wonderlich, S. A., de Zwaan, M., Mitchell, J. E., Peterson, C., & Crow, S. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10206 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Using a self-help manual (Fairburn, 1995), Carter and Fairburn (1998) compared a self-help condition with a guided self-help condition that included several sessions with a paraprofessional.”
MethodInternet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa: A Controlled Study
Fernández-Aranda, F., Núñez, A., Martínez, C., Krug, I., Cappozzo, M., Carrard, I., Rouget, P., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Granero, R., Penelo, E., et al. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0123 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“27,28 INTERNET PROGRAM FOR BN 39 In agreement with previous findings, 34,35 our results indicated that more anxious and low-reward-dependent individuals are more likely to abandon the IBT: higher persistence and some degree of emotional stability and attachment with the procedure is needed.”
Sysko, R., & Walsh, B. T. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20475 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Of the three studies directly comparing PSH and GSH for BN, EDNOS,(7) or BED,(25,27) two demonstrated no difference in outcome of the treatments on measures of eating disorder symptoms.(7,25) The third trial(27) found a statistically significant advantage for GSH over PSH with regard to reduction in binge-eating frequ…”
MethodResultInfluentialGhaderi, A., Odeberg, J., Gustafsson, S., Råstam, M., Brolund, A., Pettersson, A., & Parling, T. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5113 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Carrard, I., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Lam, T., Nevonen, L., Liwowsky, I., Volkart, A.-C., Rouget, P., Golay, A., der Linden, M. V., & Norring, C. E. A. (2010) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.1043 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“The relative effectiveness of guidance in the use of self-treatment manuals was already mentioned in a study comparing a pure and a guided form of self-help for binge eating disorder with a waiting list (Carter & Fairburn, 1998).”
BackgroundHildebrandt, T., Michaelides, A. P., Mackinnon, D., Greif, R., DeBar, L., & Sysko, R. (2017) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22781 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“The rate of treatment retention in this study (78.8% in both conditions), is similar to other CBT-GSH interventions using Overcoming Binge Eating (e.g., 78%, Carter & Fairburn, 1998; 75%, Palmer et al., 2002; 69.7%, Wilson et al., 2010).”
ResultInfluentialMasheb, R. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.004 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder
Wilson, G. T. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Duarte, C., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., & Stubbs, R. J. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2094 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Evidence shows that brief-self-help interventions are effective in reducing symptomatology in patients with BED (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Kelly & Carter, 2015).”
BackgroundGrilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., White, M. A., Gueorguieva, R. V., Barnes, R. D., Walsh, B. T., McKenzie, K. C., Genao, I., & Garcia, R. L. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.002 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…tested pure self-help CBT for BED consisted of nearly all white patientse i.e. 96% in Peterson et al. (1998) and 97% in both of the other studies (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Peterson et al., 2009) e which contrasts sharply with epidemiologic findings regarding the relatively comparable…”
BackgroundResultPeterson, C. B., Mitchell, J. E., Engbloom, S., Nugent, S. M., Mussell, M. P., Crow, S. J., & THURAS, P. D. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.1098 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Eating patterns and breakfast consumption in obese patients with binge eating disorder
Masheb, R. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.013 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“The superiority of various methods of CBT over waitlist control groups (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Grilo & Masheb, 2005; Wilfley et al., 1993), and behavioral weight loss treatment (Grilo & Masheb, 2005), and pharmacotherapy (i.e., fluoxetine; Grilo, Masheb, & Wilson, 2005) make it the…”
MethodWagner, B., Nagl, M., Dölemeyer, R., Klinitzke, G., Steinig, J., Hilbert, A., & Kersting, A. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.01.006 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“A growing body of research has examined the effects of self-help interventions for BED and bulimia nervosa (BN; Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Grilo & Masheb, 2005).”
BackgroundLinardon, J. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1427785 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Myers, T. C., Swan-Kremeier, L. A., Wonderlich, S. A., Lancaster, K., & Mitchell, J. E. (2004) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20032 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Schlup, B., Munsch, S., Meyer, A. H., Margraf, J., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Short-term treatments for BED generally consist of guided self-help approaches lasting 10–12 weeks with six to eight brief individual meetings (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Grilo & Masheb, 2005; Loeb, Wilson, Gilbert, & Labouvie, 2000), or lasting 8 weeks, but including twice weekly held sessions…”
BackgroundGrilo, C. M., White, M. A., Gueorguieva, R., Barnes, R. D., & Masheb, R. M. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“The three RCTs testing pure self-help CBT for BED consisted of 97% (Carter & Fairburn, 1998), 96.1% (Peterson et al., 1998), and 96.5% (Peterson et al., 2009) white participants.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe dissemination and implementation of psychological treatments: problems and solutions
Fairburn, C. G., & Wilson, G. T. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22110 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationOne-year follow-up effects of two obesity treatments on psychological well-being and weight
Nauta, H., Hospers, H., & Jansen, A. (2001) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910701169205 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effectiveness of spouse involvement in cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder
Gorin, A. A., Grange, D. L., & Stone, A. A. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10152 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Brief Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy: Definition and Scientific Foundations
Hazlett‐Stevens, H., & Craske, M. G. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713020.ch1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“In a large randomized controlled trial, Carter & Fairburn (1998) compared pure self-help and non-specialist facilitator-guided self-help treatment to a waiting-list control condition.”
BackgroundCurrent and Emerging Directions in the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Brown, T. A., & Keel, P. K. (2012) · Substance Abuse Research and Treatment · doi:10.4137/sart.s7864 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Teufel, M., Stephan, K., Kowalski, A., Käsberger, S., Enck, P., Zipfel, S., & Giel, K. E. (2013) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-013-9223-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“The sole exception was that self-efficacy for the individually most-challenging food showed small positive effects, probably due to a waiting-list effect described in many psychological treatment studies (Carter and Fairburn 1998; Zijdenbos et al. 2009).”
BackgroundRaymond, N. C., de Zwaan, M., Mitchell, J. E., Ackard, D. M., & THURAS, P. D. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.1110 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Dialectical behavior therapy self‐help for binge‐eating disorder: A randomized controlled study
Carter, J. C., Kenny, T. E., Singleton, C., Wijk, M. V., & Heath, O. J. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23208 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationGrilo, C. M., & Masheb, R. M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.05.010 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Recent research has supported the clinical utility of CBT delivered using guided self-help methods (e.g., Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Grilo & Masheb, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYau, Y. H. C., Gottlieb, C. D., Krasna, L. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407724-9.00007-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Brambilla, F., Samek, L., Lovo, F., Cioni, L., & Mellado, C. (2009) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0b013e32832ac828 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Psychotherapy, with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (ITP), has proved effective in the short term, that is, it reduces impulsive–compulsive binge-eating frequency and severity and improves the psychopathologies specific to the disorder in the short term; however, it is less effective in th…”
BackgroundKass, A. E., Balantekin, K. N., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Jacobi, C., Wilfley, D. E., & Taylor, C. B. (2017) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22680 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“For example, lay providers have demonstrated efficacy in delivering in-person preventive interventions (Kilpela et al., 2014) and GSH interventions (Carter & Fairburn, 1998; Zandberg & Wilson, 2013), and could be trained to deliver online coaching.”
Isabelle, C., Christelle, C., Patrick, R., Tony, L., Martial, V. D. L., & Alain, G. (2011) · Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901107010008 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“CBT treatment, delivered as guided or pure self-help interventions, also proved efficacious in the treatment of BED [19].”
MethodResultde Zwaan, M., Herpertz, S., Zipfel, S., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., Friederich, H., Schmidt, F., Gefeller, O., Mayr, A. J., Lam, T., Schade‐Brittinger, C., et al. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-220 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“So far only a few open studies or RCTs have evaluated self-help interventions in BED [7,14-20].”
BackgroundGuided self-help for disordered eating: A randomised control trial
Traviss‐Turner, G., Heywood‐Everett, S., & Hill, A. J. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Murray, K., Pombo‐Carril, M. G., Bara‐Carril, N., Grover, M., Reid, Y., Langham, C., Birchall, H., Williams, C., Treasure, J., & Schmidt, U. (2003) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.519 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pellizzer, M. L., Waller, G., & Wade, T. D. (2019) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2684 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Linardon, J., Messer, M., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22986 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ghaderi, A. (2006) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.11.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Although several studies (e.g. Carter & Fairburn, 1998) show the guided self-help to be superior to pure self-help (no guidance from a professional), some studies show no significant differences between the two modes of delivery of self-help (e.g. Ghaderi & Scott, 2003).”
BackgroundResultAccess and effectiveness in psychological therapies: self-help as a routine health technology
Richards, D. A., Lovell, K., & McEvoy, P. (2003) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.00417.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Jenkins, P. E., Luck, A., Violato, M., Robinson, C., & Fairburn, C. G. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23554 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Traditionally, the “guidance” in GSH involves short face-to-face sessions with a trained practitioner, referred to here as a facilitator (Carter & Fairburn, 1998), and requires the patient to attend a clinic.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationZandberg, L. J., & Wilson, G. T. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2210 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-Help Treatment of Eating Disorders
Yim, S. H., & Schmidt, U. H. (2019) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2019.01.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Allison, K. C., & Stunkard, A. J. (2005) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2004.09.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Similar results have been reported when CBT treatments were administered through self-help methods [37,39,44].”
BackgroundResultCompare, A., Calugi, S., Marchesini, G., Shonin, E., Grossi, E., Molinari, E., & Grave, R. D. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.007 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“This finding was recently replicated in a study showing that IPT, CBT, and guided self-help were all significantly more effective than BWL in eliminating binge eating at 2 years, but not in effectuating any long-term reductions in weight loss (Wilson, Wilfley, Agras, & Bryson, 2010).”
InfluentialSchool-Based Prevention Programs for Eating Disorders
Grave, R. D. (2003) · Disease Management & Health Outcomes · doi:10.2165/00115677-200311090-00006 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self‐help treatments for disorders of recurrent binge eating: a systematic review
Stefano, S. C., Bacaltchuk, J., Blay, S. L., & Hay, P. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00735.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Carter and Fairburn (21) Self-help (24) Guided self-help (24) manualized Waiting list (24) 12 A Overcoming binge eating General population”
BackgroundMethodMelisse, B., van den Berg, E. M., de Jonge, M., Blankers, M., van Furth, E. F., Dekker, J., & de Beurs, E. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/40472 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Furthermore, within-group effect sizes were large in this study but medium in studies examining the efficacy of regular CBT for BED [22,59,60].”
Treatment of Eating Disorders in Women
Stein, R. I., Saelens, B. E., Dounchis, J. Z., Lewczyk, C. M., Swenson, A. K., & Wilfley, D. E. (2001) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000001295004 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Carter and Fairburn (1998) found that reductions in binge eating were well maintained over a 6- month follow-up for both guided and unguided self-help.”
BackgroundDavey, E., Bennett, S. D., Bryant‐Waugh, R., Micali, N., Takeda, A., Alexandrou, A., & Shafran, R. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00775-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Jenkins PE, Luck A, Violato M, Robinson C, Fairburn CG. Clinical and cost‑effectiveness of two ways of delivering guided self‑help for people with an eating disorder: a multi‑arm randomized controlled trial.”
BackgroundInfluentialEating disorders revisited, Il: bulimia nervosa and related syndromes
Hay, P., Gilchrist, P. N., Ben-Tovim, D. I., et al. (1998) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123378.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Eating Disorders in Singapore: A Review
Ung, E. K. (2003) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v32n1p19 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Treating eating disorders using the internet
Fairburn, C. G., & Murphy, R. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000195 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Latner, J. D., & Wilson, G. T. (2000) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(00)00008-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“This approach is illustrated in a well-controlled study of the treatment of women with BED ( Carter & Fairburn, 1998 ).”
MethodGuided self-help for binge eating/purging anorexia nervosa before inpatient treatment
Fichter, M. M., Cebulla, M., Quadflieg, N., & Naab, S. (2008) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300802123252 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“This may be one reason for the greater efficacy of self-help in BN or BED.”
MethodInfluentialTroubles du comportement alimentaire chez l'adulte
Léonard, T., Foulon, C., & Guelfi, J. (2005) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Psychiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.emcps.2005.03.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Bauer, C., Fischer, A., & Keller, U. B. (2005) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00504.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Predicting Premature Termination Within a Randomized Controlled Trial for Binge-Eating Patients
Flückiger, C., Meyer, A. H., Wampold, B. E., Gassmann, D., Messerli‐Bürgy, N., & Munsch, S. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carter, J. C., & Fairburn, C. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 616-623
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2126700240
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 13.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- binge eating disorder, guided self-help, treatment effectiveness, women, secondary prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Bulimia, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Self-Help Groups, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Chi-Square Distribution, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome
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