Effects of ethnicity on treatment attendance, stimulant response/dose, and 14-month outcome in ADHD
Abstract
From the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder--a randomized clinical trial of 579 children ages 7-9 years receiving 14 months of medication management, behavioral treatment, combination, or community care--the authors matched each African American and Latino participant with randomly selected Caucasian participants of same sex, treatment group, and site. Although Caucasian children were significantly less symptomatic than African American and Latino children on some ratings, response to treatment did not differ significantly by ethnicity after controlling for public assistance. Ethnic minority families cooperated with and benefited significantly from combination (multimodal) treatment (d = 0.36, compared with medication). This incremental gain withstood statistical control for mother's education, single-parent status, and public assistance. Treatment for lower socioeconomic status minority children, especially if comorbid, should combine medication and behavioral treatment.
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The difference between the current saliva-based findings and the previously reported adherence rates may stem from the earlier analyses defining adherence as attending at least 80% of the 14 monthly medication-monitoring visits.
“The discrepancy between our current saliva findings and our previously reported 35 adherence rates may be because our earlier findings concerning ethnicity were based on the definition of medication adherence as ''80% or greater attendance'' at the 14 months of medication-monitoring visits.”
From Medication Adherence in the MTA: Saliva Methylphenidate Samples Versus Parent Report and Mediating Effect of Concomitant Behavioral Treatment (2009) · cites this paper as [35]
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Latino Parents’ Accounts of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Perry, C. E., Hatton, D. C., & Kendall, J. (2005) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659605278938 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“…particularly experience (a) stigma regarding mental disorders, (b) difficulty in obtaining culturally sensitive services provided in their own language, and (c) a lack of belief in the effectiveness of available treatments (Abad, 1987; Arnold et al., 2003; Flores, Abreu, Olivar, & Kastner, 1998).”
BackgroundBax, A. C., Bard, D. E., Cuffe, S. P., Mckeown, R., & Wolraich, M. (2019) · Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000626 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“In the multimodal treatment of ADHD study, white children were significantly less symptomatic than black and Hispanic children on some ratings, but differences diminished after controlling for public assistance.(10) The analysis of 2001 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data by Froelich et al.”
Santiago, C. D., & Miranda, J. M. (2013) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200517 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Racial-ethnic minority inclusion in 2001–2010 clinical trials In the Surgeon General’s report Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity (1), the underrepresentation of racial-ethnic minority populations in mental health treatment studies was documented by examining the treatment guidelines for four disorders: bipola…”
BackgroundInfluentialTreatment for ADHD: Is More Complex Treatment Cost‐Effective for More Complex Cases?
Foster, E. M., Jensen, P. S., Schlander, M., Pelham, W. E., Hechtman, L. T., Arnold, L. E., Swanson, J. M., & Wigal, T. L. (2006) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00599.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Jurbergs, N., Palcic, J. L., & Kelley, M. L. (2007) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/1045-3830.22.3.358 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
New methylphenidate formulations for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Patrick, K. S., Ángel-González, M., Straughn, A. B., & Markowitz, J. S. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.2.1.121 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Pharmacotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for ADHD [2,5,7,33], although multimodal treatment approaches that integrate medication with psychotherapeutics, environmental, educational, and school-based interventions are generally advocated, especially with certain demographics [34].”
BackgroundBrown, R. T. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-4410 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ray, G., Levine, P., Croen, L. A., Bokhari, F. A. S., Hu, T., & Habel, L. A. (2006) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.10.1063 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Starr, H. L., & Kemner, J. E. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Bailey, R. K., & Owens, D. L. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Arnold, L. E., Chuang, S. Z., Davies, M., Abikoff, H., Conners, C. K., Elliott, G. R., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L. T., Hinshaw, S. P., Hoza, B., et al. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/b:jacp.0000007579.61289.31 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“, 2002), ethnic minorities (Arnold et al., 2003), and families who improved their discipline strategies throughout the trial (Hinshaw et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialWinters, D. E., Fukui, S., Leibenluft, E., & Hulvershorn, L. A. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0124 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Becausebaseline mood symptoms could have an effect on treatment response (Arnold et al. 2003), pretreatment hyperactivity, emotional lability, and regulation were included in the regression model.”
Parenting Mediates Symptoms and Impairment in Children With ADHD-Inattentive Type
Haack, L. M., Villodas, M. T., McBurnett, K., Hinshaw, S. P., & Pfiffner, L. J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.958840 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sell, N. K., Giarelli, E., Blum, N. J., Hanlon, A. L., & Levy, S. E. (2011) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2011.08.002 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Arnold and colleagues [22] found that among children diagnosed with ADHD in the Multimodal Treatment of ADHD study sample, African American children had more teacher-rated symptoms of ADHD and ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) at baseline compared to white children.”
Newcorn, J. H., Sutton, V. K., Zhang, S., Wilens, T. E., Kratochvil, C. J., Emslie, G. J., D’Souza, D. N., Schuh, L. M., & Allen, A. J. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181bc730d · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hinshaw, S. P. (2007) · Ambulatory Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.ambp.2006.04.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Methodological challenges in treatment outcome research with ethnic minorities
Lau, A. S., Chang, D. F., & Okazaki, S. (2010) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021371 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Arnold et al. (2003) reported that both of the ethnicity by treatment interactions were rendered nonsignificant when SES was covaried.”
BackgroundInfluentialConsidering cultural diversity in the management of ADHD in Hispanic patients.
Rothe, E. M. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Martel, M. M. (2013) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/ajop.12034 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“This is in line with ADHD treatment outcome work that found that SES moderated treatment effects, but ethnicity did not (Arnold et al., 2003; Rieppi et al., 2002).”
ResultJurbergs, N., Palcic, J. L., & Kelley, M. L. (2010) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2010.500501 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Furthermore, large multi-site comparisons of stimulant medication and behavioral interventions found an incremental effect for behavioral interventions over medication in ethnic minority children that was not found for Caucasian participants, highlighting the need for research with low SES, minority samples (Arnold et…”
BackgroundPsychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Knight, L. A., Rooney, M., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. (2008) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-008-0066-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Youth Perceptions of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Barriers to Treatment
Walker-Noack, L., Corkum, P. V., Elik, N., & Fearon, I. (2013) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573513491232 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Several studies show that demographic variables, such as ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status may be indirectly linked to nonadherence (Arnold et al., 2003; Power, Russell, Soffer, Blom-Hoffman, & Grim, 2002).”
BackgroundCollege Readiness: Differences Between First-Year Undergraduates With and Without ADHD
Canu, W. H., Stevens, A. E., Ranson, L. M., Lefler, E. K., LaCount, P. A., Serrano, J. W., Willcutt, E. G., & Hartung, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219420972693 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“For instance, research suggests that African American and Hispanic children who have ADHD can be perceived as more symptomatic than their White counterparts (Arnold et al., 2003; Hinojosa et al., 2012; Martel, 2013), and yet racial minority groups have been shown to have lower rates of diagnosis and treatment (Miller…”
BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Telemental Health
Palmer, N. B., Myers, K., Stoep, A. V., McCarty, C. A., Geyer, J. R., & DeSalvo, A. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0132-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“As Hispanic children with ADHD have been underrepresented in prior studies and clinical practice, and as ethnicity seems to affect adherence to protocol and outcomes [44], Hispanic youth will comprise 30% of this study population.”
BackgroundPolanczyk, G., Faraone, S., Bau, C. H. D., Victor, M., Becker, K., Pelz, R., Buitelaar, J., Franke, B., Kooij, S., van der Meulen, E. M., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30855 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“These findings are in the same direction of those from the National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA), which detected a substantial and clinically similar response to MPH between African Americans, Latinos, and Caucasians [Arnold et al., 2003].”
ResultFarmer, C., Brown, N. V., Gadow, K. D., Arnold, L. E., Kolko, D., Findling, R. L., Molina, B. S. G., Buchan-Page, K. A., Rice, R. R., Bangalore, S. S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2014.0109 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in African American Youth
Bailey, R. K., Ali, S., Jabeen, S., Akpudo, H., Avenido, J., Bailey, T., Lyons, J., & Whitehead, A. A. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0144-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“36 compared with medication), even after controlling for maternal education, single-parent status, and use of public assistance [14].”
ADHD and manic symptoms: Diagnostic and treatment implications
Galanter, C. A., Pagar, D., Davies, M., Li, W., Carlson, G. A., Abikoff, H., Arnold, L. E., Bukstein, O. G., Pelham, W. E., Elliott, G. R., et al. (2005) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.008 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Identifying, Evaluating, Diagnosing, and Treating ADHD in Minority Youth
Hervey-Jumper, H., Douyon, K., Falcone, T., & Franco, K. N. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707311054 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Multimodality treatment using both psychotherapy and medication is clearly the best for African American children with ADHD (Arnold et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSatisfaction with treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Bukstein, O. G. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Multimodal treatment for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Kaiser, N. M., Hoza, B., & Hurt, E. A. (2008) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.8.10.1573 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Packages of Care for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Flisher, A. J., Sorsdahl, K. R., Hatherill, S., & Chehil, S. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000235 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“disorders [42–44] or psychosocial stressors [45,46] did benefit”
BackgroundCovey, L. S., Hu, M., Winhusen, T. M., Weissman, J. D., Berlin, I., & Nunes, E. V. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“A trial of 579 children with ADHD found similar benefit of methylphenidate for whites and non-whites (Arnold et al., 2003); however, no prior study has reported ethnic differences in treatment outcome among adults with ADHD.”
BackgroundHervey-Jumper, H., Douyon, K., & Franco, K. N. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Myers, K., Stoep, A. V., Thompson, K., Zhou, C., & Unützer, J. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.08.004 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“to decreased attendance at appointments and lower stimulant doses [8–11].”
BackgroundEthnicity as a Moderator of Treatment Effects on Parent—Child Interaction for Children With ADHD
Jones, H. A., Epstein, J. N., Hinshaw, S. P., Owens, E. B., Chi, T. C., Arnold, L. E., Hoza, B., & Wells, K. C. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709332158 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Given the findings from (a) Arnold et al. (2003), indicating that Comb was more effective for ethnic minority children than for Caucasian children in reducing reported ADHD symptoms, and (b) Wells et al. (2006), showing treatment-related changes on observed PCIs, we examined whether there were any…”
InfluentialJoseph, H. M., Farmer, C., Kipp, H., Kolko, D. J., Aman, M. G., McGinley, J. J., Arnold, L. E., Gadow, K. D., Findling, R. L., & Molina, B. S. G. (2018) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0119 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“In another study with more frequent PT (35 sessions) and additional behavioral treatments, the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, ethnic/racial minorities benefited more from adding behavioral treatment to medication than did nonHispanic whites (Arnold et al. 2003).”
BackgroundThe Incredible Years® Programs for ADHD in Young Children: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Murray, D. W., Lawrence, J. R., & LaForett, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426617717740 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Although IY research has found little evidence of differential outcome for minority groups (Reid, Webster-Stratton, & Beauchaine, 2001), other studies of ADHD behavioral treatment with ethnic minorities have found better response for African American and Hispanic subgroups (Arnold et al., 2003).”
Methylphenidate Improves Aspects of Executive Function in African American Children With ADHD
Hazel-Fernandez, L. A., Klorman, R., Wallace, J. M., & Cook, S. R. (2006) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705284243 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“These results support previous reports that African American children respond similarly to stimulant medications as their more widely studied Caucasian counterparts do (Arnold et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultDrug Class Review on Pharmacologic Treatments for ADHD
McDonagh, M. S., Peterson, K., & Thakurta, S. (2005) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Effects of Stimulant Medication and Training on Sports Competence Among Children With ADHD
Altszuler, A. R., Morrow, A. S., Merrill, B. M., Hammer, S. N., Macphee, F. L., Gnagy, E. M., Greiner, A. R., Coxe, S. J., Raiker, J. S., Coles, E. K., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1270829 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…treatment to date (the MTA study; Richters et al., 1995), Hispanic youth responded no differently to behavioral or pharmacological treatments than did Caucasian youth (Arnold et al., 2003), increasing the likelihood that current results will replicate in samples of different ethnic/racial makeup.”
BackgroundCulturally adapting parent training for Latino youth with ADHD: Development and pilot.
Gerdes, A. C., Kapke, T. L., Lawton, K. E., Grace, M. A., & Hurtado, G. (2015) · Journal of Latina/o Psychology · doi:10.1037/lat0000037 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Although Latino families had similar treatment outcomes as European American families after controlling for socioeconomic factors (Arnold et al., 2003), the Latino families who participated in the MTA likely are not representative of all Latino families in the United States.”
BackgroundLatino Versus Caucasian Response to Atomoxetine in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Tamayo, J., Pumariega, A., Rothe, E., Kelsey, D., Allen, A., Velez-Borras, J., Williams, D., Anderson, S., & Durell, T. M. (2008) · Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0132 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
DuPaul, G. J., Kern, L., Caskie, G. I. L., & Volpe, R. J. (2015) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr44-1.3-20 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“lies (Arnold et al., 2003).”
Riccioni, A., Raduà, J., Ashaye, F. O., Solmi, M., & Cortese, S. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.544 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Durell, T. M., Pumariega, A. J., Rothe, E. M., Tamayo, J. M., Baron, D. A., & Williams, D. W. (2009) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012370902100104 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Use of Treatment Services for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Latino Children
Eiraldi, R. B., & Diaz, Y. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-010-0139-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Given that medication titration was partially based on parent ratings of child behavior and side effects, these results suggest that Latino parents may have reported fewer positive effects or more side effects of medication as medication doses increased [ 12 ].”
BackgroundResultWaxmonsky, J. G., Waschbusch, D. A., Glatt, S. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m05979pur · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gerdes, A. C., Kapke, T. L., Grace, M. A., & Castro, A. (2019) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718821729 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“…functioning in youth with ADHD from predominantly European American families, as well as Latino families more oriented to U.S. mainstream culture (Arnold et al., 2003; Gerdes, Haack, & Schneider, 2012; Pelham & Fabiano, 2008); however, no published research has examined its effectiveness with…”
Influentialassessment, I. A. M. H., (inattention, T. C. S. S. F. A. B. S. A. Q. R. T. M. S. D. O. A., impulsivity, the, A. H. A. A. W. S. S. C. I. T. S. Q. S. B. A. R. O. T. N. O. T. C. C. R. S. O. S. Q. C., symptoms of ADHD can also be included in clinic/office registration materials to be completed by parents before visits or in the waiting room before the evaluation. If a parent reports that the patient suffers from any symptoms of ADHD that induce impairment or if the patient scores in the clinical range for ADHD symptoms on a rating scale, & indicated., T. A. F. E. F. A. A. S. O. I. T. N. R. I. (2008) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.6.3.foc401 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Power, T. J., Hughes, C. L., Helwig, J. R., Nissley-Tsiopinis, J., Mautone, J. A., & Lavin, H. J. (2010) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-010-9029-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Green, C. D., Dvorsky, M. R., Langberg, J. M., Jones, H. A., & Floyd, A. L. (2020) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-020-09367-w · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Findings revealed a significant difference in teacher-rated ADHD symptoms between Black and matched White participants, with Black participants rated as more symptomatic post-intervention (Arnold et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialCultural Competence in Therapy with African Americans
Jones, E. O., Huey, S. J., & Rubenson, M. P. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78997-2_22 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Age Group Representative EBTs ADHD Youth Behavioral treatment + stimulant medication (Arnold et al., 2003) Anxiety-Related Problems Youth Group CBT (Ginsburg & Drake, 2002) Adult Panic Control Therapy (Carter et al., 2003) Antisocial Behavior Youth MST (Borduin et al., 1995) Depression Youth…”
Soleimani, R., Salehi, Z., Soltanipour, S., Hasandokht, T., & Jalali, M. M. (2017) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32613 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with those of previous studies (Arnold et al., 2003; Polanczyk et al., 2008) that rejected the significant effect of ethnicity on response to MPH.”
Resultvan den Ban, E. F., Souverein, P. C., van Engeland, H., Swaab, H., Egberts, T. C. G., & Heerdink, E. R. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1068-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Differences in prescription rate or cost do not seem to be associated with differences in effectiveness of ADHD medication, since there is evidence that ADHD medication is as effective in Caucasian as in Afro American of Latin-American children or adolescents [41, 42].”
Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
Kendall, P. C., & Comer, J. S. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328710.013.027 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lawton, K. E., Kapke, T. L., & Gerdes, A. C. (2015) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
APA Working Group on Psychoactive Medications for Children and Adolescents (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e539722009-001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Culturally Adapted Pharmacotherapy and the Integrative Formulation
Malik, M. A., Lake, J., Lawson, W. B., & Joshi, S. V. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tucker, C., & Dixon, A. L. (2009) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.31.4.j451mx7135887238 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ging-Jehli, N. R., KRAEMER, H. C., Arnold, L. E., Roley‐Roberts, M. E., & DeBeus, R. J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2023.2206637 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stevens, J. H., Kelleher, K. J., Greenhouse, J. B., Chen, G., Xiang, H., Kaizar, E. E., Jensen, P. S., & Arnold, L. E. (2006) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-006-0097-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Arnold, L. E., Elliott, M., Sachs, L., Bird, H., Kraemer, H. C., Wells, K. C., Abikoff, H. B., Comarda, A., Conners, C. K., Elliott, G. R., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S. P., Hoza, B., Jensen, P. S., March, J. S., Newcorn, J. H., Pelham, W. E., Severe, J. B., Swanson, J. M., Vitiello, B., & Wigal, T.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Duke University (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 713-727
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2010108781
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01 MH50447, U01MH50461, U01MH50440, U01MH050467, U01MH50454, U01MH050447, U01MH050440, U01MH050453, U01MH50467, U01MH050461, U01MH50453, U01MH050454)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ethnicity, African American children, Latino children, treatment attendance, stimulant medication response, dosage, multimodal therapy, social assistance, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, children
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Double-Blind Method, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Patient Compliance, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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