Cited by 501Personality Traits and PsychologyVirtual Reality Applications and ImpactsPhilosophy and Theoretical Science

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Self-focusing effects of dispositional self-consciousness, mirror presence, and audience presence.

Carver, Charles S., Scheier, Michael F.·1978·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.36.3.324

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.36.3.324

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Principles of Psychology
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
Untitled work
(1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 15,136
Mind, Self, and Society
Mead, G. H., Joas, H., Huebner, D. R., & Morris, C. W. (2015) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226112879.001.0001 · Cited by 12,419
On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications.
Orne, M. T. (1962) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0043424 · Cited by 4,041
Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,728
Self-citation
Untitled work
(1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,635
The Psychology of Consciousness
Leahey, T. H. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315665191-16 · Cited by 755
A modified concept of consciousness.
Sperry, R. W. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0028156 · Cited by 502
Objective self-awareness.
Brodsky, S. L. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12305-007 · Cited by 445
Self-focused attention and the experience of emotion: Attraction, repulsion, elation, and depression.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1977) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.35.9.625 · Cited by 412
Self-citation

Show all 35 references

Sorted by citations

Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect.
Higgins, E. T. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.3.319 · Cited by 7,219
Suicide as escape from self.
Baumeister, R. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.90 · Cited by 1,919
Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness.
Wheeler, M. A., Stuss, D. T., & Tulving, E. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.331 · Cited by 1,751
Habits in everyday life: Thought, emotion, and action.
Wood, W., Quinn, J. M., & Kashy, D. A. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1281 · Cited by 1,028
A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: When Norms Do and Do not Affect Behavior
Kallgren, C. A., Reno, R. R., & Cialdini, R. B. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672002610009 · Cited by 1,005
CURRENT RESEARCH IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Markovsky, B. (1996) · Cited by 994
The theory of reinvestment
Masters, R., & Maxwell, J. (2008) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840802287218 · Cited by 663
The spotlight effect in social judgment: An egocentric bias in estimates of the salience of one's own actions and appearance.
Gilovich, T. D., Medvec, V. H., & Savitsky, K. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.211 · Cited by 532
A self-awareness model of the causes and effects of alcohol consumption
Hull, J. G. (1981) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.90.6.586 · Cited by 528
A self-awareness model of the causes and effects of alcohol consumption.
Hull, J. G. (1981) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.90.6.586 · Cited by 528
Social facilitation: A meta-analysis of 241 studies.
Bond, C. F., & Titus, L. J. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.265 · Cited by 684
Self, self-concept, and identity.
Oyserman, D., Elmore, K., & Smith, G. C. M. (2012) · Cited by 511
Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self‐consciousness, self‐awareness, and ego‐involvement: An investigation of internally controlling styles
Plant, R. W., & Ryan, R. M. (1985) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00375.x · Cited by 502
A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests
Baumeister, R. F., & Showers, C. J. (1986) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420160405 · Cited by 521
Autobiographical memory and sense of self.
Prebble, S. C., Addis, D. R., & Tippett, L. J. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0030146 · Cited by 466
Paranoia and self-consciousness.
Fenigstein, A., & Vanable, P. A. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.62.1.129 · Cited by 448
Changing beliefs and behavior through experience-taking.
Kaufman, G. F., & Libby, L. K. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027525 · Cited by 483
Dishonesty in everyday life and its policy implicationsPreprint
Dan Ariely, C., & Mažar, N. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 422
A cybernetic model of self-attention processes.
Carver, C. S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1251 · Cited by 415
Self-citation
Self-consciousness, self-attention, and social interaction.
Fenigstein, A. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.75 · Cited by 399
Broadcasting and Narrowcasting: How Audience Size Affects What People Share
Barasch, A., & Berger, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.13.0238 · Cited by 380
Development and Validation of the Situational Self-Awareness Scale
Govern, J. M., & Marsch, L. A. (2001) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1006/ccog.2001.0506 · Cited by 354
The self-attention-induced feedback loop and social facilitation
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(81)90039-1 · Cited by 354
Self-citation
Thinking about Choking? Attentional Processes and Paradoxical Performance
Lewis, B. P., & Linder, D. E. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167297239003 · Cited by 366
Individual Differences in Emotional Experience: Mapping Available Scales to Processes
Gohm, C. L., & Clore, G. L. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200268004 · Cited by 361
Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure: The home field disadvantage in sports championships.
Baumeister, R. F., & Steinhilber, A. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.1.85 · Cited by 320
Impact of Personal Orientation on Luxury-Brand Purchase Value: An International Investigation
Tsai, S. (2005) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/147078530504700403 · Cited by 317
Self‐Awareness Part 1: Definition, Measures, Effects, Functions, and Antecedents
Morin, A. (2011) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00387.x · Cited by 374
Meta-stereotype activation: Evidence from indirect measures for specific evaluative concerns experienced by members of dominant groups in intergroup interaction.
Vorauer, J. D., Hunter, A. J., Main, K., & Roy, S. A. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.690 · Cited by 299
The relative accuracy of self-predictions and judgments by others in psychological assessment.
Shrauger, J. S., & Osberg, T. M. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.322 · Cited by 293
Choking under pressure: Multiple routes to skill failure.
DeCaro, M. S., Thomas, R. D., Albert, N. B., & Beilock, S. L. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0023466 · Cited by 319
Does affect induce self-focused attention?
Wood, J. V., Saltzberg, J. A., & Goldsamt, L. A. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.899 · Cited by 285
Self-awareness, probability of improvement, and the self-serving bias.
Duval, T. S., & Silvia, P. J. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.49 · Cited by 280
Alcohol Myopia Revisited: Clarifying Aggression and Other Acts of Disinhibition Through a Distorted Lens
Giancola, P. R., Josephs, R. A., Parrott, D. J., & Duke, A. A. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610369467 · Cited by 280
The Use of Culturally-Based Variables in Assessment: Studies on Loss of Face
Zane, N. W. S., & Yeh, M. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0735-2_9 · Cited by 276
Mere presence effects in humans: A review
Guérin, B. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(86)90040-5 · Cited by 294
On the stress potential of videoconferencing: definition and root causes of Zoom fatigue
Riedl, R. (2022) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-021-00501-3 · Cited by 272
‘Reinvestment’: A dimension of personality implicated in skill breakdown under pressure
Masters, R. S. W., Polman, R. C. J., & Hammond, N. V. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90113-h · Cited by 269
Attentional Focus, Dispositional Reinvestment, and Skilled Motor Performance under Pressure
Jackson, R. C., Ashford, K. J., & Norsworthy, G. (2006) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.28.1.49 · Cited by 247
Social facilitation from Triplett to electronic performance monitoring.
Aiello, J. R., & Douthitt, E. A. (2001) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.5.3.163 · Cited by 253
Face-saving and entrapment
Brockner, J., Rubin, J. Z., & Lang, E. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(81)90007-x · Cited by 236
Arousal-induced attention to self.
Wegner, D. M., & Giuliano, T. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.5.719 · Cited by 253
Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia.
Woody, S. R. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.1.61 · Cited by 227
Reassertion and giving up: The interactive role of self-directed attention and outcome expectancy.
Carver, C., Blaney, P., & Scheier, M. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.10.1859 · Cited by 210
Self-citation
The organizational functions of the self: An alternative to the Duval and Wicklund Model of self-awareness.
Hull, J. G., & Levy, A. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.5.756 · Cited by 230
Social-comparative feedback affects motor skill learning
Lewthwaite, R., & Wulf, G. (2009) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210903111839 · Cited by 207
Narcissism and the Use of Personal Pronouns
Raskin, R. N., & Shaw, R. (1988) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1988.tb00892.x · Cited by 205
The nature and expression of social phobia: Toward a new classification
Hofmann, S. G., Heinrichs, N., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.004 · Cited by 202
Operationalizing the effect of the group on the individual: A self-attention perspective
Mullen, B. R. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90025-2 · Cited by 200
Shining Light on Atmospherics: How Ambient Light Influences Food Choices
Biswas, D., Szocs, C., Chacko, R., & Wansink, B. C. (2016) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.14.0115 · Cited by 197
Watching Eyes effects: When others meet the self
Conty, L., George, N., & Hietanen, J. K. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.016 · Cited by 221
Self–focused attention and emotional reactivity: The role of culture
Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Tsai, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018534 · Cited by 185
On Introspection and Self-Perception: Does Self-Focused Attention Enable Accurate Self-Knowledge?
Silvia, P. J., & Gendolla, G. H. E. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.3.241 · Cited by 189
Reality-based practice under pressure improves handgun shooting performance of police officers
Oudejans, R. R. D. (2008) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130701577435 · Cited by 177
Public and private self-awareness: When personal attitudes conflict with societal expectations
Froming, W. J., Walker, G. R., & Lopyan, K. J. (1982) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(82)90067-1 · Cited by 178
Training with anxiety has a positive effect on expert perceptual–motor performance under pressure
Oudejans, R. R. D., & Pijpers, J. R. (2009) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210802557702 · Cited by 190
Private and public self-attention, resistance to change, and dissonance reduction.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.390 · Cited by 171
Self-citation
A Modification of the Fenigstein, Scheier, and Buss Self-Consciousness Scales
Burnkrant, R. E., & Page, T. J. (1984) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4806_10 · Cited by 170
Divergent influences of private and public self-consciousness in a compliance paradigm
Froming, W. J., & Carver, C. S. (1981) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(81)90015-5 · Cited by 175
Self-citation
Effects of public and private self-consciousness on the public expression of personal beliefs.
Scheier, M. F. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.514 · Cited by 166
Self-citation
Body Conscious? Interoceptive Awareness, Measured by Heartbeat Perception, Is Negatively Correlated with Self-Objectification
Ainley, V., & Manos Tsakiris, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055568 · Cited by 162
Self-consciousness, self-esteem, and success-failure as determinants of alcohol consumption in male social drinkers.
Hull, J. G., & Young, R. D. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.44.6.1097 · Cited by 163
Self-consciousness and the overperception of self as a target.
Fenigstein, A. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.4.860 · Cited by 160
Learning to play golf under different goal conditions: their effects on irrelevant thoughts and on subsequent control strategies
Thill, E. E., & Cury, F. (2000) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200001/02)30:1 · Cited by 26
Effect of Private Self-Awareness on Negative Affect and Self-Referent Attribution: A Quantitative Review
Fejfar, M. C., & Hoyle, R. H. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0402_02 · Cited by 159
Mood as a determinant of attentional focus
Sedikides, C. (1992) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411063 · Cited by 158
Self-focused attention in the treatment of social phobia
Woody, S. R., Chambless, D. L., & Glass, C. R. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00084-8 · Cited by 157
Social facilitation with social robots?
Riether, N., Hegel, F., Wrede, B., & Horstmann, G. (2012) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1145/2157689.2157697 · Cited by 166
Self-awareness-reducing effects of alcohol consumption.
Hull, J. G., LEVENSON, R. W., Young, R. D., & Sher, K. J. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.3.461 · Cited by 153
Persistent high self-focus after failure and low self-focus after success: The depressive self-focusing style.
Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.1039 · Cited by 150
Psychological maladjustment among Asian and White American college students: Controlling for confounds.
Abe, J., & Zane, N. (1990) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.37.4.437 · Cited by 155
Self-focused attention, gender, gender role, and vulnerability to negative affect.
Ingram, R. E., Cruet, D., Johnson, B. R., & Wisnicki, K. S. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.6.967 · Cited by 152
Group Versus Individual Administration Affects Baseline Neurocognitive Test Performance
Moser, R. S., Philip Schatz, A., Neidzwski, K., & Ott, S. D. (2011) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546511417114 · Cited by 142
Applications of the self-awareness model of alcohol consumption: Predicting patterns of use and abuse.
Hull, J. G., Young, R. D., & Jouriles, E. N. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.4.790 · Cited by 139
Altering mindset can enhance motor learning in older adults.
Wulf, G., Chiviacowsky, S., & Lewthwaite, R. (2012) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0025718 · Cited by 139
Self-focused attention and public speaking anxiety
Daly, J. A., Vangelisti, A. L., & Lawrence, S. G. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90025-1 · Cited by 151
Disfluency in Swedish human–human and human–machine travel booking dialogues
Eklund, R. (2015) · DiVA (Linkoping University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3015.0882 · Cited by 137
Terror Management and Self-Awareness: Evidence that Mortality Salience Provokes Avoidance of the Self-Focused State
Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672982411008 · Cited by 132
Self-Awareness and the Emotional Consequences of Self-Discrepancies
Phillips, A. G., & Silvia, P. J. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271559 · Cited by 133
Self-directed attention and the comparison of self with standards
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90038-0 · Cited by 130
Self-citation
Focus of attention, chronic expectancy, and responses to a feared stimulus.
Carver, C. S., Blaney, P. H., & Scheier, M. F. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.7.1186 · Cited by 134
Self-citation
Self-consciousness and reactance
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(81)90003-9 · Cited by 129
Self-citation
Self-image bias in person perception.
Lewicki, P. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.384 · Cited by 129
Effects of self-directed attention on performance and persistence among persons high and low in test anxiety
Carver, C. S., Peterson, L. M., Follansbee, D. J., & Scheier, M. F. (1983) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01177556 · Cited by 131
Self-citation
Self-Awareness and Feeling Transparent: Failing to Suppress One's Self
Vorauer, J. D., & Ross, M. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1388 · Cited by 124
On the Nature of Public and Private Self‐Consciousness
Fenigstein, A. (1987) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00450.x · Cited by 122
Speech disturbances and gaze behavior during public speaking in subtypes of social phobia
Hofmann, S. G., Gerlach, A. L., Wender, A., & Roth, W. T. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00040-6 · Cited by 122
The social neuroscience of intergroup relations
Amodio, D. M. (2008) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280801927937 · Cited by 118
Self-awareness and self-confrontation: Effects of self-focused attention on members of a clinical population.
Gibbons, F. X., Smith, T. W., Ingram, R. E., Pearce, K., Brehm, S. S., & Schroeder, D. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.3.662 · Cited by 120
Self-awareness, psychological perspective, and self-reinforcement in relation to personal and social standards.
Diener, E. F., & Srull, T. K. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.3.413 · Cited by 117
Perceiving Minds and Gods
Gervais, W. M. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613489836 · Cited by 127
Normative Feedback Effects on Learning a Timing Task
Wulf, G., Chiviacowsky, S., & Lewthwaite, R. (2010) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599703 · Cited by 116
Self-consciousness and emotions driving femvertising: A path analysis of women’s attitude towards femvertising, forwarding intention and purchase intention
Kapoor, D., & Munjal, A. (2017) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2017.1338611 · Cited by 113
Persuasive Trash Cans
de Kort, Y. A. W., McCalley, L. T., & Midden, C. J. H. (2008) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916507311035 · Cited by 112
To see or not to see: Effects of exercising in mirrored environments on sedentary women's feeling states and self-efficacy.
Ginis, K. A. M., Jung, M. E., & Gauvin, L. I. (2003) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.22.4.354 · Cited by 110
Understanding Persistence: An Interface of Control Theory and Self-Efficacy Theory
Jacobs, B., Prentice‐Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (1984) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp0504_6 · Cited by 114
Self-consciousness and trait anxiety as predictors of choking in sport
Wang, J., Marchant, D., Morris, T., & Gibbs, P. (2004) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80007-0 · Cited by 108
Self-awareness and emotional intensity
Silvia, P. J. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000310 · Cited by 107
Self-Focused Attention and Social Anxiety in Social Phobics and Normal Controls
Woody, S. R., & Rodriguez, B. F. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005583820758 · Cited by 106
Self‐attention and self‐report: The “veridicality” hypothesis
Gibbons, F. X. (1983) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00343.x · Cited by 105

Authors: Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
ORCID: Carver, Charles S.
Scheier, Michael F.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1978-03
Volume: 36
Issue: 3
Pages: 324-332
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.36.3.324
OpenAlex: W2133540180
Cited by: 500
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 26.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Keywords: self-focusing, audience presence, self-awareness, social presence, self-monitoring

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Self-focusing effects of dispositional self-consciousness, mirror presence, and audience presence.

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks