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Cited by 653Social and Intergroup PsychologySocial Power and Status DynamicsDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization: Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members.

Park, Bernadette, Rothbart, Myron·1982·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.42.6.1051
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Abstract

Four experiments were conducted to explore the hypothesis that in-group members perceive their own group as more variegated and complex than do out-group members (the out-group homogeneity principle). The first three experiments were designed to demonstrate this effect in a symmetric manner for both parties of the in-group-out-group dichotomy, and the fourth experiment tested one particular theoretical account of this phenomenon. In Experiments 1 and 2, men and women subjects estimated the proportion of men or women who would endorse a variety of personality/attitude items. The items were constructed to vary on the dimensions of stereotypic meaning (masculinity-femininity) and social desirability (favorable-unfavorable). It was predicted and found that outgroup members viewed a group as endorsing more stereotypic and fewer counterstereotypic items than, did in-group members. These findings were interpreted as support for the out-group homogeneity principle, and it was argued that since this effect was general across items varying in social desirability, the phenomenon was independent of traditional ethnocentrism effects. Experiment 3 asked members of three campus sororities to directly judge the degree of intragroup similarity for their own group and two other groups. Again, each group judged its own members to be more dissimilar to one another than did out-group judges. In Experiment 4 a theory was proposed suggesting that different levels of social categorization are used to encode in-group and out-group members' behavior and that this process could account for the perception of out-group homogeneity. It was predicted and found that men and women were more likely to remember the subordinate attributes of an in-group member than of an out-group member, which provides some evidence for the theoretical model.

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  • In general, people retain information in a more detailed fashion, remember more positive information, and are more forgiving of behaviors for ingroup compared to outgroup members.

    “In general, people retain information in a more detailed fashion, remember more positive information, and are more forgiving of behaviors for ingroup compared to outgroup members.102–104”

    From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [104]

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Authors
Park, B., & Rothbart, M.
Affiliations
University of Oregon (US)
ORCID
Park, Bernadette
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1982-06
Volume
42
Issue
6
Pages
1051-1068
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.42.6.1051
OpenAlex
W2109596025
Cited by
653
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI
37.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
social categorization, stereotyping, social desirability, gender stereotypes, ethnocentrism, sorority members

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