Perceiving the World Through Group-Colored Glasses: A Perceptual Model of Intergroup Relations
Open accessAbstract
Extensive research has investigated societal and behavioral consequences of social group affiliation and identification but has been relatively silent on the role of perception in intergroup relations. We propose the perceptual model of intergroup relations to conceptualize how intergroup relations are grounded in perception. We review the growing literature on how intergroup dynamics shape perception across different sensory modalities and argue that these perceptual processes mediate intergroup relations. The model provides a starting point for social psychologists to study perception as a function of social group dynamics and for perception researchers to consider social influences. We highlight several gaps in the literature and outline areas for future research. Uncovering the role of perception in intergroup relations offers novel insights into the construction of shared reality and may help devise new and unique interventions targeted at the perceptual level.
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Perception is conditioned by identity categorization and mediates the influence of identity on attitudes and behaviors by activating stereotypes.
“Perception as a psychological process is conditioned by identity categorization and, in turn, mediates the influence of identity on attitudes and behaviors by activating stereotypes (Xiao et al., 2016).”
From ¿Demasiado lejos? Cómo la polarización mal percibida alimenta la polarización afectiva en España (2025) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2016
The Perceptual Model of Intergroup Relations section says social identification influences perception and proposes that perceptual processes can mediate intergroup relations. It does not say that perception mediates effects on attitudes and behavior by activating stereotypes; its stereotype example chiefly describes stereotype-related concepts influencing perception. The paper also notes that evidence for the path from perception to intergroup relations is more limited. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAttitudes are influenced by judgments about political reality, which are influenced and biased by group identities.
“Attitudes are influenced by judgments about political reality, which in turn are influenced (and biased) by group identities.”
From ¿Demasiado lejos? Cómo la polarización mal percibida alimenta la polarización afectiva en España (2025) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2016
Identities influence the perception of facts, and based on this perception, intergroup relations develop.
“In particular, they influence the perception of facts, and, based on this perception, intergroup relations develop (Xiao et al., 2016;Cole et al., 2023).”
From ¿Demasiado lejos? Cómo la polarización mal percibida alimenta la polarización afectiva en España (2025) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Xiao, Y. J., Coppin, G., & Van Bavel, J. J.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research (DE)
- ,
- Venue
- Psychological Inquiry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 255-274
- ISSN
- 1047-840X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7965
- OpenAlex
- W2533875960
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 236
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 33.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Psychological Inquiry (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (P300P1_151174, 1349089)
- York University
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (1349089, 151174)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- intergroup relations, perception, group identification, perceptual models, sensory modalities, shared reality, intergroup dynamics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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