Construal-level theory of psychological distance.
Open accessAbstract
People are capable of thinking about the future, the past, remote locations, another person's perspective, and counterfactual alternatives. Without denying the uniqueness of each process, it is proposed that they constitute different forms of traversing psychological distance. Psychological distance is egocentric: Its reference point is the self in the here and now, and the different ways in which an object might be removed from that point-in time, in space, in social distance, and in hypotheticality-constitute different distance dimensions. Transcending the self in the here and now entails mental construal, and the farther removed an object is from direct experience, the higher (more abstract) the level of construal of that object. Supporting this analysis, research shows (a) that the various distances are cognitively related to each other, (b) that they similarly influence and are influenced by level of mental construal, and (c) that they similarly affect prediction, preference, and action.
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Abstract construal allows individuals to transcend the particularities of the present situation and act according to their global concerns.
“Abstract construal allows individuals to transcend the particularities of the present situation and act according to their global concerns (Trope & Liberman, 2010).”
From The mnemonic mover: Nostalgia regulates avoidance and approach motivation (2014) · cites this paper as Trope & Liberman, 2010
Power and affiliation are forms of psychological distance.
“Power and affiliation are forms of psychological distance.”
From A map for social navigation in the human brain (2015) · cites this paper as Trope and Liberman, 2010
The construal level theory suggests that common cognitive mechanisms process different types of psychological distance, whether temporal, spatial, or social.
“The construal level theory (Trope and Liberman, 2010) suggests that common cognitive mechanisms process different types of psychological distance, whether temporal, spatial, or social.”
From A map for social navigation in the human brain (2015) · cites this paper as Trope and Liberman, 2010
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- Authors
- Trope, Y., & Liberman, N.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ORCID
- Liberman, Nira
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 440-463
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- PMC
- PMC3152826
- OpenAlex
- W2089457241
- Cited by
- 6,618
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 736 · 2025: 727 · 2024: 592 · 2023: 569 · 2022: 553 · 2021: 511 · 2020: 474 · 2019: 540 · 2018: 370 · 2017: 326 · 2016: 290 · 2015: 267 · 2014: 224 · 2013: 191 · 2012: 143
- FWCI
- 98.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2010-07-26)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (59030-06A1)
- Israeli Science Fund (1346/04)
- Binational Science Fund (2007247)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- Keywords
- construal level theory, psychological distance, mental construal, time distance, spatial distance, social distance, hypotheticality, counterfactual reasoning, prediction, preferences, action
- MeSH terms
- Distance Perception, Humans, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Psychological Distance, Space Perception, Visual Perception, Vocabulary
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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