The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
Abstract
To facilitate a multidimensional approach to empathy the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) includes 4 subscales: Perspective-Taking (PT) Fantasy (FS) Empathic Concern (EC) and Personal Distress (PD). The aim of the present study was to establish the convergent and discriminant validity of these 4 subscales. Hypothesized relationships among the IRI subscales between the subscales and measures of other psychological constructs (social functioning self-esteem emotionality and sensitivity to others) and between the subscales and extant empathy measures were examined. Study subjects included 677 male and 667 female students enrolled in undergraduate psychology classes at the University of Texas. The IRI scales not only exhibited the predicted relationships among themselves but also were related in the expected manner to other measures. Higher PT scores were consistently associated with better social functioning and higher self-esteem; in contrast Fantasy scores were unrelated to these 2 characteristics. High EC scores were positively associated with shyness and anxiety but negatively linked to egotism. The most substantial relationships in the study involved the PD scale. PD scores were strongly linked with low self-esteem and poor interpersonal functioning as well as a constellation of vulnerability uncertainty and fearfulness. These findings support a multidimensional approach to empathy by providing evidence that the 4 qualities tapped by the IRI are indeed separate construc…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Perspective-taking, considered one of the components of empathy (93), was shown to enhance autonomic attunement in couples during conflict discussions.”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Another interesting result is that dispositional mindfulness (assessed by MAAS) was significantly related to perspective-taking, which has shown to be related to empathetic response and may be an important mechanism in specific meditation practices, together with meta-awareness, cognitive reappraisal, and self-inquiry (Davis, 1983; Batson et al., 2009; Dahl et al., 2015).”
From Exploring the role of meditation and dispositional mindfulness on social cognition domains: A controlled study (2019) · cites this paper as Davis, 1983
In the citing paper
“In fact, Davis (1983) asserted that associations between the fantasy subscale and interpersonal functioning were not expected because one's ability to get involved in fictional scenarios from books or movies was not relevant to social relationships, but rather may reflect aspects of emotionality.”
From Empathy in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (2017) · cites this paper as Davis, 1983
In the citing paper
“The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (see Davis 1983, for reliability and construct validity data) comprises four seven-item, self-report sub-scales which tap four different aspects of empathy.”
From Measuring Theory of Mind in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Davis 1983
In the citing paper
“On the perspective taking, empathic concern and personal distress sub-scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the ASD sample performed worse6: that is, they were less likely to report taking the psychological perspective of others and expressing concern for others in difficulty, and more likely to report being distressed over problematic interactions with others, t (235–241) = 2.67–6.94, p <”
From Measuring Theory of Mind in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Davis 1983
In the citing paper
“Second, the expected group differences emerged on the empathy and social anxiety scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the mini-SPIN, yet these measures were uncorrelated with the A-ToM social scale.”
From Measuring Theory of Mind in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Davis 1983
In the citing paper
“Empathy is a multidimensional construct [e.g., (32)]—constituting cognitive and affective components.”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Renier's et al. (40) and Davis' (32) perspective taking scales present us with a jingle issue”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Mead, G. H., Joas, H., Huebner, D. R., & Morris, C. W. (2015) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226112879.001.0001 · Cited by 12,419
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Wechsler, D. (1955) · Psychological Corp. eBooks · Cited by 4,941
(1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,712
Self-citationThe Moral Judgment Of The Child
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009681 · Cited by 4,409
Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,728
Self-monitoring of expressive behavior.
Snyder, M. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037039 · Cited by 3,525
A measure of emotional empathy1
Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. (1972) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00078.x · Cited by 2,360
Spencer, H., & Taylor, M. (1855) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1037/14065-000 · Cited by 1,567
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,174
Hattink, B. J. J., Meiland, F. J. M., van der Roest, H. G., Kevern, P., Abiuso, F., Bengtsson, J. E., Giuliano, A., Duca, A., Sanders, J., Basnett, F., et al. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4025 · Cited by 162
Moral judgment reloaded: a moral dilemma validation study
Christensen, J. F., Flexas, A., Calabrese, M., Gut, N. K., & Gomila, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00607 · Cited by 177
Reconsidering Affective Engagement in Historical Empathy
Endacott, J. L. (2010) · Theory & Research in Social Education · doi:10.1080/00933104.2010.10473415 · Cited by 162
Individual differences predict sensitivity to the uncanny valley
MacDorman, K. F., & Entezari, S. O. (2015) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.16.2.01mac · Cited by 172
Strunz, S., Schermuck, C., Ballerstein, S., Ahlers, C. J., Dziobek, I., & Roepke, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22319 · Cited by 191
The Impact of a Sport-Based Life Skill Program on Adolescent Prosocial Values
Brunelle, J., Danish, S. J., & Forneris, T. (2007) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888690709336722 · Cited by 161
Hojat, M., Zuckerman, M., Magee, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T. J., Vergare, M. J., & Gonnella, J. S. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.007 · Cited by 161
van den Hooff, B., Schouten, A. P., & Simonovski, S. (2012) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/13673271211198990 · Cited by 161
The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context
Marco, M., Gracia, E., Tomás, J. M., & López‐Quílez, A. (2016) · Cited by 162
Johnson, J. A., Cheek, J. M., & Smither, R. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1299 · Cited by 161
Riggio, R. E., Tucker, J. S., & Coffaro, D. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90184-0 · Cited by 161
Güroğlu, B., van den Bos, W., & Crone, E. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00291 · Cited by 172
Quince, T. A., Kinnersley, P., Hales, J. M., Silva, A. S. D., Moriarty, H., Thiemann, P., Hyde, S., Brimicombe, J. D., Wood, D., Barclay, M., et al. (2016) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0603-7 · Cited by 161
Blader, S. L., Shirako, A., & Chen, Y.-R. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216636628 · Cited by 165
Cohen, T. R. (2009) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0338-z · Cited by 163
Inability to empathize: brain lesions that disrupt sharing and understanding another’s emotions.
Hillis, A. E. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt317 · Cited by 158
Reduced empathic concern leads to utilitarian moral judgments in trait alexithymia
Patil, I., & Silani, G. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00501 · Cited by 174
Barnett, M. A., & Thompson, S. (1985) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.1985.9914459 · Cited by 159
SHAMAYTSOORY, S., AHARONPERETZ, J., & LEVKOVITZ, Y. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.09.020 · Cited by 161
Humble persons are more helpful than less humble persons: Evidence from three studies
LaBouff, J. P., Rowatt, W. C., Johnson, M. K., Tsang, J.-A. C., & Willerton, G. M. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.626787 · Cited by 175
Miller, R. S. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1061 · Cited by 159
Empathy promotes altruistic behavior in economic interactions
Klimecki, O., Mayer, S. V., Jusyte, A., Scheeff, J., & Schönenberg, M. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31961 · Cited by 174
University Students' Value Priorities and Emotional Empathy
Myyry, L., & Helkama, K. (2001) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410123128 · Cited by 158
Willingness to Intervene in Bullying Episodes Among Middle School Students
Espelage, D. L., Green, H. D., & Polanin, J. R. (2011) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431611423017 · Cited by 175
Demes, K. A., & Geeraert, N. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000046 · Cited by 179
Zibrek, K., Kokkinara, E., & McDonnell, R. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2018.2794638 · Cited by 158
Andersen, F. A., Johansen, A.-S. B., Søndergaard, J., Andersen, C. M., & Hvidt, E. A. (2020) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-020-1964-5 · Cited by 165
Hospital social workers and indirect trauma exposure: an exploratory study of contributing factors.
Badger, K., Royse, D., & Craig, C. (2008) · Health & Social Work · doi:10.1093/hsw/33.1.63 · Cited by 175
Brook, M., & Kosson, D. S. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030261 · Cited by 157
Carlo, G., Raffaelli, M., Laible, D., & Meyer, K. A. (1999) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1018856601513 · Cited by 157
Investigations on empathy towards humans and robots using fMRI
Rosenthal-von der Pütten, A. M., Schulte, F. P., Eimler, S. C., Sobieraj, S., Hoffmann, L., Maderwald, S., Brand, M., & Krämer, N. C. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.004 · Cited by 148
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN THE SCIENCE CLASSROOM THROUGH SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES
Chung, Y., Yoo, J., Kim, S. W., Lee, H., & Zeidler, D. L. (2014) · International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s10763-014-9557-6 · Cited by 157
Cortisol increase in empathic stress is modulated by emotional closeness and observation modality
Engert, V., Plessow, F., Miller, R. E., Kirschbaum, C., & Singer, T. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.04.005 · Cited by 176
van de Groep, S., Zanolie, K., Green, K. H., Sweijen, S., & Crone, E. A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240349 · Cited by 175
Lammers, J., Stoker, J. I., & Stapel, D. A. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02479.x · Cited by 157
Patient, D., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2008) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206308328509 · Cited by 158
Servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior
Elche, D., Ruiz‐Palomino, P., & Linuesa‐Langreo, J. (2020) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-05-2019-0501 · Cited by 191
Younes, K., Borghesani, V., Montembeault, M., Spina, S., Mandelli, M. L., Welch, A. E., Weis, E., Callahan, P., Elahi, F. M., Hua, A. Y., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac217 · Cited by 152
Impaired emotional empathy and related social network deficits in cocaine users
Preller, K. H., Hulka, L. M., Vonmoos, M., Jenni, D., Baumgartner, M. R., Seifritz, E., Dziobek, I., & Quednow, B. B. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12070 · Cited by 168
van Laer, T., & de Ruyter, K. (2010) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.12.010 · Cited by 155
Modeling and evaluating empathy in embodied companion agents
McQuiggan, S. W., & Lester, J. C. (2007) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.11.015 · Cited by 158
Forgiveness Results From Integrating Information About Relationship Value and Exploitation Risk
Burnette, J. L., McCullough, M. E., Tongeren, D. R. V., & Davis, D. E. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211424582 · Cited by 155
Neuropsychological Evidence of Impaired Cognitive Empathy in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder
Shamay‐Tsoory, S., Harari, H., Szepsenwol, O., & Levkovitz, Y. (2009) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2009.21.1.59 · Cited by 158
The building blocks of social competence: Contributions of the Consortium of Individual Development
Junge, C., Valkenburg, P. M., Deković, M., & Branje, S. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100861 · Cited by 218
CEM: Commonsense-Aware Empathetic Response Generation
Sabour, S., Zheng, C., & Huang, M. (2022) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21373 · Cited by 167
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Haar, J. M., & Roche, M. (2013) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12057 · Cited by 173
Assessing Jail Inmates’ Proneness To Shame and Guilt
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J. B., Mashek, D. J., & Hastings, M. E. (2011) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854811405762 · Cited by 156
Virtual Morality: Transitioning from Moral Judgment to Moral Action?
Francis, K., Howard, C., Howard, I. S., Gummerum, M., Ganis, G., Anderson, G., & Terbeck, S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164374 · Cited by 170
Strategic Intelligence: The Cognitive Capability to Anticipate Competitor Behavior
Levine, S. S., Bernard, M. M., & Nagel, R. (2017) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2660 · Cited by 167
Empathic nonverbal behavior increases ratings of both warmth and competence in a medical context
Kraft‐Todd, G., Reinero, D. A., Kelley, J. M., Heberlein, A. S., Baer, L., & Riess, H. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177758 · Cited by 171
Song, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, M., Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Shi, J. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.0448 · Cited by 156
Wang, X., Yang, J., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.031 · Cited by 154
Animals and the Scope of Justice
Opotow, S. V. (1993) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb00909.x · Cited by 154
Moving Narcissus: Can Narcissists Be Empathic?
Hepper, E. G., Hart, C. M., & Sedikides, C. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214535812 · Cited by 152
Moral behaviour in sport: a critical review of the literature
Kavussanu, M. (2008) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840802277417 · Cited by 174
The Basic Empathy Scale: A Chinese Validation of a Measure of Empathy in Adolescents
Geng, Y., Xia, D., & Qin, B. (2012) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0278-6 · Cited by 153
Enticott, P. G., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Kennedy, H. A., Arnold, S. L., Elliot, D., Peachey, A., Zangen, A., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.10.004 · Cited by 153
Victim Empathy, Social Self-Esteem, and Psychopathy in Rapists
Fernandez, Y. M., & Marshall, W. L. (2003) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/107906320301500102 · Cited by 153
Understanding cognitive, affective, and intimacy deficits in sexual offenders
Ward, T. J., Keenan, T., & Hudson, S. M. (2000) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(98)00025-1 · Cited by 151
Enhancing wellbeing in social work students: Building resilience in the next generation
Grant, L., & Kinman, G. (2012) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2011.590931 · Cited by 205
Robins, P. M., Meltzer, L. J., & Zelikovsky, N. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2008.03.007 · Cited by 167
A New Perspective on Perspective Taking: A Multidimensional Approach to Conceptualizing an Aptitude
Gehlbach, H. (2004) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/b:edpr.0000034021.12899.11 · Cited by 152
Self-Forgiveness and Restoration of an Offender Following an Interpersonal Transgression
Woodyatt, L., & Wenzel, M. (2013) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.2.225 · Cited by 152
Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia
de Jong, S., van Donkersgoed, R. J. M., Timmerman, M. E., Rot, M. A. H., Wunderink, L., Arends, J., van der Gaag, M., Aleman, A., Lysaker, P. H., & Pijnenborg, G. H. M. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000855 · Cited by 160
Predictors of compassion fatigue in mental health professionals: A narrative review.
Turgoose, D., & Maddox, L. (2017) · Traumatology · doi:10.1037/trm0000116 · Cited by 151
McManus, I. C., Livingston, G., & Katona, C. (2006) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-6-11 · Cited by 151
Runions, K. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9936-2 · Cited by 171
Neurocognitive basis of impaired empathy in schizophrenia.
Shamay‐Tsoory, S., Shur, S., Harari, H., & Levkovitz, Y. (2007) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.4.431 · Cited by 153
Support provision in marriage: The role of emotional similarity and empathic accuracy.
Verhofstadt, L., Buysse, A., Ickes, W. J., Davis, M., & Devoldre, I. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0013976 · Cited by 169
Self-citationAssessing Cognitive and Affective Empathy Through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index
Chrysikou, E. G., & Thompson, W. J. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115599055 · Cited by 185
Jack, A. I., Friedman, J. P., Boyatzis, R. E., & Taylor, S. N. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149989 · Cited by 166
Ranasinghe, K. G., Rankin, K. P., Pressman, P. S., Perry, D. C., Lobach, I. V., Seeley, W. W., Coppola, G., Karydas, A. M., Grinberg, L. T., Shany-Ur, T., et al. (2016) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.2016 · Cited by 151
Abstract and concrete self-evaluative goals.
Freitas, A. L., Salovey, P., & Liberman, N. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.3.410 · Cited by 159
What Can Virtual Reality Teach Us About Prosocial Tendencies in Real and Virtual Environments?
Gillath, O., McCall, C., Shaver, P. R., & Blascovich, J. (2008) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260801906489 · Cited by 159
Christidi, F., Migliaccio, R., Santamaría‐García, H. A., Santangelo, G., & Trojsi, F. (2018) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2018/1849794 · Cited by 160
Moral character: What it is and what it does
Cohen, T. R., & Morse, L. (2014) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2014.08.003 · Cited by 197
The relation between empathy and offending: A meta-analysis
van Langen, M. A. M., Wissink, I. B., van Vugt, E. S., Van der Stouwe, T., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2014) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.02.003 · Cited by 172
Testing the Psychometric Properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) in Chile
Fernández, A. M., Dufey, M., & Kramp, U. (2011) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000065 · Cited by 149
Hojat, M., Erdmann, J. B., & Gonnella, J. S. (2013) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2013.785654 · Cited by 158
Dermody, N., Wong, S., Ahmed, R. M., Piguet, O., Hodges, J. R., & Irish, M. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160175 · Cited by 159
Delpechitre, D., Beeler, L. L., & Chaker, N. N. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.007 · Cited by 161
Empathic accuracy and accommodative behavior among newly married couples
Kilpatrick, S. D., Bissonnette, V. L., & Rusbult, C. E. (2002) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/1475-6811.09402 · Cited by 148
Acute lesions that impair affective empathy
Leigh, R., Oishi, K., Hsu, J., Lindquist, M., Gottesman, R. F., Jarso, S., Crainiceanu, C., Mori, S., & Hillis, A. E. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt177 · Cited by 148
Affect Intensity: An Individual Difference Response to Advertising Appeals
Moore, D., Harris, W. D., & Chen, H. C. (1995) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209442 · Cited by 148
Cusi, A. M., MacQUEEN, G. M., Spreng, R. N., & McKinnon, M. C. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.013 · Cited by 159
Flight, J. I., & Forth, A. E. (2007) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854807299462 · Cited by 147
Cognitive and affective empathy in depression linked to executive control
Thoma, P., Zalewski, I., von Reventlow, H. G., Norra, C., Juckel, G., & Daum, I. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.030 · Cited by 151
Not so innocent: Does seeing one's own capability for wrongdoing predict forgiveness?
Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Zell, A. L., Kraft, A. J., & Witvliet, C. V. O. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.495 · Cited by 146
Does Perspective-Taking Increase Patient Satisfaction in Medical Encounters?
Blatt, B. C., LeLacheur, S., Galinsky, A. D., Simmens, S. J., & Greenberg, L. W. (2010) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181eae5ec · Cited by 146
van Prooijen, J., & van Dijk, E. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.06.006 · Cited by 160
Fact vs fiction—how paratextual information shapes our reading processes
Altmann, U., Bohrn, I. C., Lubrich, O., Menninghaus, W., & Jacobs, A. M. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss098 · Cited by 146
The Strategic Helper: Narcissism and Prosocial Motives and Behaviors
Konrath, S., Ho, M.-H., & Zarins, S. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9417-3 · Cited by 146
Parents' Judgments and Students' Self-Judgments of Empathy
Cliffordson, C. (2001) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027//1015-5759.17.1.36 · Cited by 146
Solidarity with Animals: Assessing a Relevant Dimension of Social Identification with Animals
Amiot, C. E., & Bastian, B. B. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168184 · Cited by 154
Song, Y., & Shi, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171665 · Cited by 146
The Self- and Other-Interest Inventory.
Gerbasi, M. E., & Prentice, D. A. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033483 · Cited by 155
Johnson, D. R., Cushman, G. K., Borden, L. A., & McCune, M. S. (2013) · Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0033261 · Cited by 146
The Interpersonal Functions of Empathy: A Relational Perspective
Main, A., Walle, E. A., Kho, C., & Halpern, J. (2017) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073916669440 · Cited by 145
Sawyer, K. B., Thoroughgood, C. N., Stillwell, E. E., Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., & Adair, E. A. (2021) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000903 · Cited by 163
Burke, P., & Harrod, M. (2005) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250506800404 · Cited by 76
Metadata
- Authors
- Davis, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Mark H.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1983-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-126
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1980083892
- Cited by
- 10,272
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 571 · 2025: 604 · 2024: 631 · 2023: 614 · 2022: 732 · 2021: 702 · 2020: 727 · 2019: 650 · 2018: 605 · 2017: 578 · 2016: 559 · 2015: 459 · 2014: 428 · 2013: 396 · 2012: 362
- FWCI
- 16.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE28-0004)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
- Keywords
- empathy, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, personal distress, convergent validity, discriminant validity, self-esteem, social functioning, shyness, anxiety, egotism, individual differences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
