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Individual differences in adult decision-making competence.
Open accessAbstract
The authors evaluated the reliability and validity of a set of 7 behavioral decision-making tasks, measuring different aspects of the decision-making process. The tasks were administered to individuals from diverse populations. Participants showed relatively consistent performance within and across the 7 tasks, which were then aggregated into an Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) index that showed good reliability. The validity of the 7 tasks and of overall A-DMC emerges in significant relationships with measures of socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, and decision-making styles. Participants who performed better on the A-DMC were less likely to report negative life events indicative of poor decision making, as measured by the Decision Outcomes Inventory. Significant predictive validity remains when controlling for demographic measures, measures of cognitive ability, and constructive decision-making styles. Thus, A-DMC appears to be a distinct construct relevant to adults' real-world decisions.
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“Nevertheless, previous research has indicated some degree of common variance among them (Bruine de Bruin, Parker, & Fischhoff, 2007;Finucane & Gullion, 2010;Klaczynski, 2001;Parker & Fischhoff, 2005;Slugoski, Shields, & Dawson, 1993;Stanovich & West, 1998c, 2000;West, Toplak, & Stanovich, 2008).”
From The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks (2011) · cites this paper as Bruine de Bruin, Parker, & Fischhoff, 2007
In the citing paper
“These results converge with a body of other work indicating that the susceptibility to these biases varies considerably (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007;Cokely & Kelley, 2009;Del Missier, Mantyla, & Bruine de Bruine, 2010;Dohmen, Falk, Huffman, Marklein, & Sunde, 2009;Klaczynski, 2001;Oechssler et al., 2009;Stanovich & West, 1998a, 1998c, 1999, 2000, 2008b;West et al., 2008).”
From The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks (2011) · cites this paper as Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Recent work on individual differences in cognitive function has begun to challenge this assumption (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007;Oechssler et al., 2009;Stanovich, 2009bStanovich, , 2011;;Stanovich & West, 2007, 2008a, 2008b).”
From The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks (2011) · cites this paper as Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007
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“Further detail can be found in the original papers (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007; Parker & Fischhoff, 2005) and Supporting Information.”
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BackgroundMeasuring Graph Literacy without a Test: A Brief Subjective Assessment
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BackgroundAging and decision making : empirical and applied perspectives
Hess, T. M., Strough, J., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2015) · Cited by 64
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“To sum up, we found lower internal consistency values than those reported by Bruine de Bruin et al. (2007) and Teovanović et al. (2015) except for anchoring bias—to some extent—and base rate neglect.”
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“…have been related to more maximizing and worse decision-making competence in community-dwelling adults even after controlling for other attributes such as socioeconomic status, fluid cognitive ability, and decision styles (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007; Parker et al., 2007; Parker et al., 2015).”
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“the use of effective heuristics for decision making repeatedly find that such skills are positively associated with numeracy and higher-order cognitive skills [ 42 , 43].”
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“Significant factors include past experiences [Juliusson et al. 2005]; a variety of cognitive biases [Stanovich and West 2008]; individual differences [Bruine de Bruin et al. 2007], including age and socioeconomic status; and a belief in personal relevance [Acevedo and Krueger 2004].”
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“Work by Bruine de Bruin et al. (2007) showed that scores on RPM were correlated with overall DMC as well as each subcomponent of DMC.”
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Strough, J., Schlosnagle, L., & DiDonato, L. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr057 · Cited by 50
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“Further, Bruine de Bruin et al. (2007) observed that low DMC scores were associated with an increased tendency to report negative outcomes across a variety of domains.”
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“As these different thinking styles can shape persuasion and decision quality (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007), they may also shape the relationships among reliance on digital media channels and misinformation belief.”
BackgroundNo Time to Waste: Restricting Life‐Span Temporal Horizons Decreases the Sunk‐Cost Fallacy
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“Similarly, in a study with adults, Bruine de Bruin et al. (2007) showed that DMC was correlated with greater incidence of negative social, financial, and health outcomes.”
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“As a result, most tools that are aimed at evaluating decision quality are based on analytical problems with an optimal solution that can be solved by implementing a normative model (e.g., A-DMC, Frederick, 2005; Peters et al., 2006; Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007).”
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“For example, Bruine de Bruin, Parker, and Fischhoff (2007) found that maximizers have lower scores than satisficers on the Adult Decision-Making Competence, which is a measure to assess how well individuals make decisions.”
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“Participative decisionmaking theory-based studies demonstrated the key role of joint decision-making (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007).”
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“The assumption that the HB tasks share some underlying cognitive properties prompts researchers to create a composite score from the performancemeasures of the individual tasks (e.g., Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007; Toplak et al., 2007).”
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Decision-making competence predicts domain-specific risk attitudes
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“Because the Bruine de Bruin et al. (2007) study measured Resistance to Framing in the same way as the current method, we suggest that another potential reason for these discrepancies may be due to the breadth of the Resistance to Framing measures used in the Y-DMC and A-DMC.”
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The forms of financial literacy overconfidence and their role in financial well‐being
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“Bruine de Bruin, Parker, and Fischhoff (2007) reported a very weak positive relationship between a rational decision-making style and general decision-making competence and a very weak negative relationship between avoidant and spontaneous decision-making styles and general decision-making…”
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“For example, the avoidant decision-making style (Scott & Bruce, 1995) may predict work withdrawal (Spector et al., 2006), and decision-making competence (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007) may predict several forms of counterproductive/deviant work behavior (Spector et al., 2006).”
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“Fo r pe rs on al u se o nl y, a ll ri gh ts r es er ve d. Bruin et al. (2007).”
BackgroundMethodSanction risk perceptions, coherence, and deterrence *
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“Several decision-making scholars across a range of domains have identified this phenomenon (e.g., Brim, 1955; Bruine de Bruin et al., 2006, 2007; Manski, 2004; Pickett et al., 2015).”
Understanding Life-Span Developmental Changes in Decision-Making Competence
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“First, 31 items and a total of 31 sub- questions were adopted from the original inventory published by Bruine de Bruin et al. (2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIndividual Differences in Decision Making Depend on Cognitive Abilities, Monitoring and Control
Jackson, S., Kleitman, S., Stankov, L., & Howie, P. M. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.1939 · Cited by 47
Are maximizers unhappier than satisficers? A comparison between Japan and the USA
Oishi, S., Tsutsui, Y., Eggleston, C. M., & Galinha, I. C. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.12.001 · Cited by 42
The latent structure of decision styles
Dewberry, C., Juanchich, M., & Narendran, S. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.002 · Cited by 42
Why are gainers more risk seeking
Peng, J., Miao, D., & Xiao, W. (2013) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500005076 · Cited by 42
The effects of normal aging on multiple aspects of financial decision-making
Bangma, D. F., Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Tucha, O. M., & Koerts, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182620 · Cited by 43
Studying human-to-computer bias transference
Johansen, J., Pedersen, T., & Johansen, C. (2021) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01328-4 · Cited by 48
Fasolo, B., Heard, C. L., & Scopelliti, I. (2024) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063241287188 · Cited by 41
What age do you feel? – Subjective age identity and economic behaviors
Ye, Z., & Post, T. (2019) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2019.08.004 · Cited by 45
Zhu, X., Wolfson, M. A., Dalal, D. K., & Mathieu, J. E. (2020) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206320916232 · Cited by 47
Effects of decision training on individuals' decision-making proactivity
Siebert, J., Kunz, R. E., & Rolf, P. (2021) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2021.01.010 · Cited by 34
Baker, D. P., Collins, J. M., & León, J. (2008) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-009-9097-y · Cited by 41
“Thus, in terms of everyday health risks, enhanced reasoning skills through basic numeracy and literacy enable individuals to make more-informed and reasoned decisions based on more accurate assessment of consequences of alternatives and risks ( Bruine de Bruin et al. 2007; Peters et al. 2006).”
BackgroundJackson, S., Kleitman, S., Howie, P. M., & Stankov, L. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01559 · Cited by 45
“The bottom right figure is blank, and participants chose which of eight alternatives completes the pattern.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Effect of Perceived Scarcity: Experiencing Scarcity Increases Risk Taking
Liang, S., Ye, D., & Liu, Y. (2020) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2020.1822770 · Cited by 40
Decision making can be improved through observational learning
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How analytic reasoning style and global thinking relate to understanding stocks and flows
Weinhardt, J. M., Hendijani, R., Harman, J. L., Steel, P., & González, C. (2015) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2015.07.003 · Cited by 40
Age Differences in Complex Decision Making
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Components of Executive Functioning in Metamemory
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“The A-DMC battery is composed of six decision-making tasks, including the under=overconfidence task, which is considered a form of metacognitive judgment (Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007; Parker & Fischhoff, 2005).”
MethodThe career decision-making competence: a new construct for the career realm
Ceschi, A., Costantini, A., Phillips, S. D., & Sartori, R. (2016) · European journal of training and development · doi:10.1108/ejtd-07-2016-0047 · Cited by 42
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Geisler, M., & Allwood, C. M. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2066 · Cited by 39
“, Allwood & Salo, 2012; Bruine de Bruin et al., 2007). It may be that individuals who report using the dependent style have an excessive reliance on other people and on the advice given (Flynn et al., 2006; Gino, Brooks, & Schweitzer, 2012). In this context, it is relevant to note that people prone to use the dependen…”
BackgroundInfluentialFive Different Types of Framing Effects in Medical Situation: A Preliminary Exploration
Peng, J., Li, H., Miao, D., Feng, X., & Xiao, W. (2013) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.8469 · Cited by 38
Kamal, M. M., Bigdeli, A. Z., Themistocleous, M., & Morabito, V. (2014) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2014.06.007 · Cited by 41
Petrova, D., García‐Retamero, R., Catena, A., Cokely, E. T., Carrasco, A. H., Moreno, A. A., & Hernández, J. A. R. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9853-1 · Cited by 43
“Some people reliably make better decisions across very diverse tasks from investing, to social judgments, to health choices, and beyond [20, 35, 42, 66, 67].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bruine de Bruin, W., Parker, A. M., & Fischhoff, B.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 938-956
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2039223548
- Semantic Scholar
- 22168bbc83ed5c1b933d71c3f881dc85b0709321
- Cited by
- 906
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 12.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KiltHub Repository
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (SES-0213782)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- individual differences, construct validity, predictive validity, socioeconomic status, cognitive ability, decision-making styles, negative life events
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aptitude, Culture, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Individuality, Intelligence, Internal-External Control, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Problem Solving, Psychometrics, Self Concept, Social Values, Socioeconomic Factors, Reproducibility of Results
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