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Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience.

Davidson, Richard J., Jackson, Daren C., Kalin, Ned H.·2000·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.890

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Abstract

The authors present an overview of the neural bases of emotion. They underscore the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala in 2 broad approach- and withdrawal-related emotion systems. Components and measures of affective style are identified. Emphasis is given to affective chronometry and a role for the PFC in this process is proposed. Plasticity in the central circuitry of emotion is considered, and implications of data showing experience-induced changes in the hippocampus for understanding psychopathology and stress-related symptoms are discussed. Two key forms of affective plasticity are described--context and regulation. A role for the hippocampus in context-dependent normal and dysfunctional emotional responding is proposed. Finally, implications of these data for understanding the impact on neural circuitry of interventions to promote positive affect and on mechanisms that govern health and disease are considered.

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“Both are negatively-valenced, highly-arousing, withdrawal-related emotions (for reviews, see Davidson et al., 2000; Lang et al., 1990, 1997; Woody and Teachman, 2000).”
Background
What makes narcissists bloom? A framework for research on the etiology and development of narcissism
Thomaes, S. C. E., Bushman, B. J., de Castro, B. O., & Stegge, H. (2009) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409990137 · Cited by 115
The Influence of Affect on Attitude
Clore, G. L., & Schnall, S. (2005) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.4324/9781315178103-6 · Cited by 108
Attentional bias away from positive social information mediates the link between social anxiety and anxiety vulnerability to a social stressor
Taylor, C. T., Bomyea, J., & Amir, N. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.004 · Cited by 106
Towards emotion recognition for virtual environments: an evaluation of eeg features on benchmark dataset
Menezes, M. L. R., Samara, A., Galway, L., Sant’Anna, A., Verikas, A., Alonso‐Fernandez, F., Wang, H., & Bond, R. (2017) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-017-1072-7 · Cited by 104
“There is also evidence of the role of the prefrontal cortex in affective reactions and particularly in emotion regulation and conscious experiment [12].”
Background
Understanding Risky Behavior: The Influence of Cognitive, Emotional and Hormonal Factors on Decision-Making under Risk
Kusev, P., Purser, H., Heilman, R. M., Cooke, A. J., van Schaik, P., Baranova, V. A., Martin, R., & Ayton, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00102 · Cited by 117
“Nevertheless, when ER mechanisms are malfunctioning, they can increase the risk for developing symptoms of psychiatric disorders (Davidson et al., 2000; Phillips, 2003).”
Meaning making, adversity, and regulatory flexibility
Bonanno, G. A. (2013) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2012.745572 · Cited by 114
Impact of aging on stress-responsive neuroendocrine systems
Pedersen, W. A. (2001) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00250-0 · Cited by 104
Mental Imagery and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Neuroimaging and Experimental Psychopathology Approach to Intrusive Memories of Trauma
Clark, I. A., & Mackay, C. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00104 · Cited by 113
“Additionally, the ACC is often implicated in threat detection, and the PFC is thought to be involved in emotion regulation – allowing top down control in response to emotional situations (64, 72).”
Background
Behavioral Approach System (BAS) Sensitivity and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: A Retrospective and Concurrent Behavioral High-Risk Design
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., Cogswell, A., Smith, J. M., Neeren, A. M., Hughes, M. E., Iacoviello, B. M., Gerstein, R. K., Keyser, J. D., et al. (2006) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9003-3 · Cited by 102
“Finally, considerable evidence indicates that relative left frontal cerebral activation is a neurobiological index of BAS activity (e.g., Davidson, Jackson, & Kalin, 2000; Harmon-Jones & Allen, 1997; Sobotka, Davidson, & Senulis, 1992; Sutton & Davidson, 1997).”
Background
Right prefrontal HF-rTMS attenuates right amygdala processing of negatively valenced emotional stimuli in healthy females
Baeken, C., De Raedt, R., Van Schuerbeek, P., Vanderhasselt, M. A., De Mey, J., Bossuyt, A., & Luypaert, R. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.029 · Cited by 101
Frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the effects of stressful life events on internalizing symptoms in children at familial risk for depression
Lopez‐Duran, N. L., Nusslock, R., George, C. J., & Kovács, M. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01332.x · Cited by 103
Neural correlates of “hot” and “cold” emotional processing: a multilevel approach to the functional anatomy of emotion
Schaefer, A., Collette, F., Philippot, P., der Linden, M. V., Laureys, S., Delfiore, G., Degueldre, C., Maquet, P., Luxen, A., & Salmon, É. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00009-0 · Cited by 106
Prefrontal and amygdala volumes are related to adolescents’ affective behaviors during parent-adolescent interactions
Whittle, S., Yap, M. B. H., Yücel, M., Fornito, A., Simmons, J. G., Barrett, A., Sheeber, L., & Allen, N. B. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709815105 · Cited by 100
“There is suggestion of asymmetric involvement of the frontal cortex in affective and behavioral regulation (21), with most evidence pointing toward a greater contribution of left frontal structures, or greater left relative to right frontal functioning, to affect regulation.”
Background
Darwin and the Neural Bases of Emotion and Affective Style
Davidson, R. J. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1280.014 · Cited by 104
Self-citation
The Emotional Foundations of Political Support: How Fear and Anger Affect Trust in the Government in Times of the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Erhardt, J., Freitag, M., Filsinger, M., & Wamsler, S. (2021) · Swiss Political Science Review · doi:10.1111/spsr.12462 · Cited by 98
“AIT takes a functional neuroscience perspective (e.g., Davidson et al. 2000; Gray 1987) by incorporating evidence about the physical location of different emotions in the brain.”
Background
Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment
Miskovic, V., Schmidt, L. A., Georgiades, K., Boyle, M., & MacMillan, H. L. (2009) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20387 · Cited by 103
Bipolar spectrum–substance use co-occurrence: Behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and impulsiveness as shared personality vulnerabilities.
Alloy, L. B., Bender, R. E., Wagner, C. A., Whitehouse, W. G., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Sylvia, L. G., & Harmon‐Jones, E. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016061 · Cited by 100
The motivation to care
Moody, R. C., & Pesut, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/14777260610656543 · Cited by 97
Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct
Piper, M. E. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv048 · Cited by 99
Neural response to emotional stimuli during experimental human endotoxemia: Neural Response During Acute Inflammation
Kullmann, J. S., Grigoleit, J.-S., Lichte, P., Kobbe, P., Rosenberger, C., Banner, C., Wolf, O. T., Engler, H., Oberbeck, R., Elsenbruch, S., et al. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22063 · Cited by 93
“Reappraisal processes are aimed at buffering the emotional impact of a situation and modulating affective states to maintain well-being [Davidson et al., 2000; Gross, 2002].”
Background
The Influence of Affective States on Cognitive Broadening/Narrowing: Considering the Importance of Motivational Intensity
Harmon‐Jones, E., Price, T. F., & Gable, P. A. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00432.x · Cited by 101
NEURAL CORRELATES OF EMOTIONAL MEMORIES: A REVIEW OF EVIDENCE FROM BRAIN IMAGING STUDIES
Dolcos, F., Denkova, E., & Dolcos, S. M. (2012) · PSYCHOLOGIA · doi:10.2117/psysoc.2012.80 · Cited by 89
Evaluation of feature extraction techniques in emotional state recognition
Bastos-Filho, T., Ferreira, A., Cotrina, A., Arjunan, S. P., & Kumar, D. (2012) · Intelligent Human Computer Interaction · doi:10.1109/ihci.2012.6481860 · Cited by 92
“We chose the EEG signals recorded at positions Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F4 because of the studies that relate the frontal cortex of the brain with the neural basis of emotion [24].”
Method
Common and distinct patterns of affective response in dimensions of anxiety and depression.
Larson, C. L., Nitschke, J. B., & Davidson, R. J. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.182 · Cited by 93
“Davidson (1998; Davidson, Jackson, & Kalin, 2000 ) has emphasized that individual differences in the time course of emotion, or affective chronometry, may be importantly linked with trait affective style and vulnerability to affective disorders.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Attentional modulation of emotional stimulus processing: An fMRI study using emotional expectancy
Bermpohl, F., Pascual‐Leone, Á., Amedi, A., Merabet, L. B., Fregni, F., Gaab, N., Alsop, D. C., Schlaug, G., & Northoff, G. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20209 · Cited by 93
“, 1992; Perez-Jaranay and Vives, 1991], it has been suggested that the MPFC serves as a top-down modulator of the emotional response in the amygdala [Davidson et al., 2000; Drevets, 1999; Morgan and LeDoux, 1995; Phillips et al., 2003].”
Background
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Social Stereotyping
Susanne Quadflieg, A., Turk, D. J., Waiter, G. D., Mitchell, J. P., Jenkins, A. C., & Macrae, C. N. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21091 · Cited by 98
“What is evident in the current paradigm is that gender stereotyping activates regions commonly associated with emotional reasoning (Goel & Dolan, 2003; Davidson, Jackson, & Kalin, 2000 ), a finding that underscores the evaluative nature of stereotypical thinking.”
Background
Measuring mood and complex behavior in natural environments: Use of ecological momentary assessment in pediatric affective disorders
Axelson, D. A., Bertocci, M. A., Lewin, D. S., Trubnick, L. S., Birmaher, B., Williamson, D. E., Ryan, N. D., & Dahl, R. E. (2003) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454603322572589 · Cited by 91
“…evidence that neurobehavioral systems are organized along dimensions of approach and withdrawal behaviors that may map largely on affective systems involved in computations regarding seeking rewards and avoiding pun-ishments and threats (Davidson et al. 2000; Depue and Iacono 1989; Rolls 1999).”
Relation of Measures of Executive Function to Aggressive Behavior in Children
Riccio, C. A., Hewitt, L. L., & Blake, J. J. (2011) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09084282.2010.525143 · Cited by 100
“From a neuropsychological perspective, prefrontal dysfunction has been associated with antisocial behavior (Davidson, Jackson, & Kalin, 2000 ; Lapierre, Braun, & Hodgins, 1995 ).”
Background
Historical Research on the Self and Emotions
Reddy, W. M. (2009) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073909338306 · Cited by 96
“An ethnographic turn, inspired by the works of E. P. Thompson (e.g. Thompson, 1971), Natalie Zemon Davis (1975), Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1975), and others, encouraging historians to reject an old notion of the poor as governed by appetites and passions.”
Background
Malleability of attentional bias for positive emotional information and anxiety vulnerability.
Taylor, C. T., Bomyea, J. A., & Amir, N. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021301 · Cited by 96
“Given that positive and negative emotional functioning are subserved by at least partially distinct systems (Davidson et al., 2000), future research should also include positive emotion trait scales (e.”
Background
Political leanings vary with facial expression processing and psychosocial functioning
Vigil, J. M. (2010) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430209356930 · Cited by 90
Prefrontal Plasticity and Stress Inoculation-Induced Resilience
Katz, M., Liu, C., Schaer, M., Parker, K. J., Ottet, M.-C., Epps, A., Buckmaster, C. L., Bammer, R., Moseley, M. E., Schatzberg, A. F., et al. (2009) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000216540 · Cited by 91
A multimodal emotion recognition method based on facial expressions and electroencephalography
Tan, Y., Sun, Z., Duan, F., Solé-Casals, J., & Caiafa, C. F. (2021) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103029 · Cited by 88
Adaptive and maladaptive emotion processing and regulation, and the case of alexithymia
Panayiotou, G., Panteli, M., & Vlemincx, E. (2019) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1671322 · Cited by 95
“Emotions are subjective, physiological, expressive, and functional phenomena reflecting motivational tendencies of approach toward appetitive and withdrawal from aversive stimuli (Bradley & Lang, 2000; Davidson et al., 2000).”
Background
Six-week postpartum maternal self-criticism and dependency and 4-month mother-infant self- and interactive contingencies.
Beebe, B. A., Jaffe, J., Buck, K. A., Chen, H., Cohen, P. R., Blatt, S. J., Kaminer, T., Feldstein, S., & Andrews, H. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1360 · Cited by 90
Motivation, emotion regulation, and the latent structure of psychopathology: An integrative and convergent historical perspective
Beauchaine, T. P., & Zisner, A. R. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.014 · Cited by 99
Children's affect regulation during a disappointment: Psychophysiological responses and relation to parent history of depression
Forbes, E. E., Fox, N. A., Cohn, J. F., Galles, S. F., & Kovács, M. (2005) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.05.004 · Cited by 91
“With a widely used approach (Davidson et al., 2000a,b), asymmetry scores were computed by subtracting left alpha power scores from right (e.g. ln F4power À ln F3power).”
A Review of the Emotional Intelligence Literature and Implications for Corrections
Stys, Y., & Brown, S. L. (2004) · Cited by 88
Interpersonal processes in social anxiety disorder.
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12084-005 · Cited by 90
The body doesn’t lie: a somatic approach to the study of emotions in world politics
McDermott, R. (2014) · International Theory · doi:10.1017/s1752971914000268 · Cited by 87

Authors: Davidson, R. J., Jackson, D. C., & Kalin, N. H.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin System (US)
ORCID: Davidson, Richard J.
Kalin, Ned H.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000-11
Volume: 126
Issue: 6
Pages: 890-909
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.890
OpenAlex: W2045914666
Cited by: 1,322
References: 228
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 18.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh040747-14, 5r01mh046792-04)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH40747, MH 43454, MH46792)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: prefrontal cortex, amygdala, affective style, hippocampus, emotion regulation, psychopathology, stress, neural circuits
MeSH terms: Affect, Affective Symptoms, Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurosciences, Social Environment

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Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience.

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