The DOI matches its Crossref record; 373 of the 373 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Personal-space—where we now stand
Overview
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The personal space (PS) we keep between us and others is crucially influenced by our relationships with them; a closer, intimate zone being reserved for lovers.”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Hayduk, 1983
In the citing paper
“However, if an unfamiliar person violates our PS (Hall, 1966;Hayduk, 1983), we can feel uncomfortable, and so close approach must be carefully controlled.”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Hayduk, 1983
In the citing paper
“However, behavioral experiments in our lab, as well as others, show strong correlations between participants' preferences in these experiments and preferences in a more realistic behavioral measure of interpersonal distance in which participants choose their preferred distance from a stranger in a live interaction in the laboratory (i.e. the stop-distance paradigm, Hayduk, 1983; Perry Anat, Levy-G”
From OT promotes closer interpersonal distance among highly empathic individuals (2015) · cites this paper as Hayduk, 1983
In the citing paper
“In real-life situations, keeping too far away from others signals low social motivation (26) and keeping close to others, especially strangers, may induce personal distress or social anxiety (26, 27).”
From Placebo treatment facilitates social trust and approach behavior (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“choosing closer projected distance does not necessarily predict interpersonal distance in a real-life situation as a result of potential increases of anxiety (26, 27).”
From Placebo treatment facilitates social trust and approach behavior (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yee, N., Bailenson, J. N., Urbanek, M., Chang, F., & Merget, D. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9984 · Cited by 681
Preferred interpersonal distances: A global comparison
Sorokowska, A., Sorokowski, P., Hilpert, P., Cantarero, K., Frackowiak, T., Ahmadi, K., Alghraibeh, A. M., Aryeetey, R., Bertoni, A., Bettache, K., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022117698039 · Cited by 468
Personal space regulation by the human amygdala
Kennedy, D. P., Gläscher, J., Tyszka, J. M., & Adolphs, R. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2381 · Cited by 450
Serino, A. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.016 · Cited by 304
Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females
Scheele, D., Striepens, N., Güntürkün, O., Deutschländer, S., Maier, W., Kendrick, K. M., & Hurlemann, R. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2755-12.2012 · Cited by 301
“However, if an unfamiliar person violates our PS (Hall, 1966; Hayduk, 1983), we can feel uncomfortable, and so close approach must be carefully controlled.”
BackgroundIachini, T., Coello, Y., Frassinetti, F., & Ruggiero, G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111511 · Cited by 236
The effect of facial expressions on peripersonal and interpersonal spaces
Ruggiero, G., Frassinetti, F., Coello, Y., Rapuano, M., di Cola, A. S., & Iachini, T. (2017) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-016-0806-x · Cited by 171
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Social perception of others shapes one's own multisensory peripersonal space
Pellencin, E., Paladino, M. P., Herbelin, B., & Serino, A. (2018) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.033 · Cited by 117
Don’t stand so close to me: a behavioral and ERP study of preferred interpersonal distance
Perry, A., Rubinsten, O., Peled, L., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.042 · Cited by 118
Cartaud, A., Ruggiero, G., Ott, L., Iachini, T., & Coello, Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00657 · Cited by 111
Neural correlates of personal space intrusion
Holt, D. J., Cassidy, B. S., Yue, X., Rauch, S. L., Boeke, E. A., Nasr, S., Tootell, R. B. H., & Coombs, G. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0686-13.2014 · Cited by 114
Iachini, T., Pagliaro, S., & Ruggiero, G. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.09.003 · Cited by 106
The Peripersonal Space in a social world
Bogdanova, O. V., Bogdanov, V. B., Dureux, A., Farnè, A., & Hadj-Bouziane, F. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.005 · Cited by 86
“It has been evaluated in real world situations (Hayduk, 1983), in virtual environments (Nishihara & Okubo, 2015), or even using a paper-pencil version (Duke & Kiebach, 1974).”
BackgroundOT promotes closer interpersonal distance among highly empathic individuals
Perry, A., Mankuta, D., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu017 · Cited by 86
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The physiological correlates of interpersonal space
Candini, M., Battaglia, S., Benassi, M., di Pellegrino, G., & Frassinetti, F. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82223-2 · Cited by 73
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Placebo treatment facilitates social trust and approach behavior
Yan, X., Yong, X., Huang, W., & Ma, Y. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1800779115 · Cited by 39
Invisible body illusion modulates interpersonal space
D’Angelo, M., di Pellegrino, G., & Frassinetti, F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01441-9 · Cited by 32
When social and action spaces diverge: A study in children with typical development and autism
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D’Angelo, M., di Pellegrino, G., & Frassinetti, F. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112146 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Hayduk, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hayduk, Leslie A.
- ORCID
- Hayduk, Leslie A.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1983-09
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 293-335
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2053190739
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 373
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Keywords
- personal space, interpersonal distance
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