A conceptual and psychometric framework for distinguishing categories and dimensions

De Boeck, Paul; Wilson, Mark; Acton, G. Scott

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.129

Cited by 131Psychometric Methodologies and TestingMental Health Research TopicsCategorization, perception, and language

A conceptual and psychometric framework for distinguishing categories and dimensions

De Boeck, Paul, Wilson, Mark, Acton, G. Scott·2005·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.129

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Abstract

An important, sometimes controversial feature of all psychological phenomena is whether they are categorical or dimensional. A conceptual and psychometric framework is described for distinguishing whether the latent structure behind manifest categories (e.g., psychiatric diagnoses, attitude groups, or stages of development) is category-like or dimension-like. Being dimension-like requires (a) within-category heterogeneity and (b) between-category quantitative differences. Being category-like requires (a) within-category homogeneity and (b) between-category qualitative differences. The relation between this classification and abrupt versus smooth differences is discussed. Hybrid structures are possible. Being category-like is itself a matter of degree; the authors offer a formalized framework to determine this degree. Empirical applications to personality disorders, attitudes toward capital punishment, and stages of cognitive development illustrate the approach.

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Dimensional approaches generally aim for within-category heterogeneity and between-category quantitative differences, goals that can also be challenging for SA/A.
“Dimensional approaches generally aim for within-category heterogeneity and between-category quantitative differences (De Boeck et al., 2005), goals that can also be challenging for SA/A (Heyne et al., 2019).”
From Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 1) (2019) · cites this paper as De Boeck et al., 2005
Categorical approaches broadly aim for within-category homogeneity and between-category qualitative differences, goals that have been somewhat elusive for SA/A.
“Categorical approaches broadly aim for within-category homogeneity and between-category qualitative differences (De Boeck et al., 2005), goals that have been somewhat elusive for SA/A (DiBartolo and Braun, 2017).”
From Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 1) (2019) · cites this paper as De Boeck et al., 2005

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Authors: De Boeck, P., Wilson, M., & Acton, G. S.
ORCID: Wilson, Mark
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005
Volume: 112
Issue: 1
Pages: 129-158
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.129
OpenAlex: W2149002740
Cited by: 131
References: 155
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 15.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1f32da014739-01)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA009253, F32-DA14739)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords: latent structure, hybrid structures, psychiatric diagnosis, personality disorders, attitudes toward capital punishment, cognitive development stages
MeSH terms: Capital Punishment, Cognition, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychology, Psychometrics

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A conceptual and psychometric framework for distinguishing categories and dimensions

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