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Conditional and unconditional automaticity: a dual-process model of effects of spatial stimulus–response correspondence
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“Like many other forms of SRC in which participants respond to static symbolic stimuli (De Jong et al., 1994; Eimer et al., 1995), imitative compatibility effects are attributed to automatic activation of the stimulus-compatible motor representation.”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as De Jong et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“In sum, the evidence from these two experiments suggests that the processing of spatial compatibility and automatic imitation are dissociable at two different levels in dual processing models of S-R compatibility (e.g., DeJong et al., 1994;Tagliabue, Zorzi, Umilta, & Bassignani, 2000).”
From Is automatic imitation a specialized form of stimulus–response compatibility? Dissociating imitative and spatial compatibilities (2012) · cites this paper as DeJong et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“Consistent with previous interpretations (e.g., DeJong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994;Wühr & Biebl, 2009), we surmise that responding to the stimulus cue opposite to the one that appears on the screen requires a logical recoding of the relevant stimulus and that this recoding carries-over to the irrelevant stimulus as well.”
From Is automatic imitation a specialized form of stimulus–response compatibility? Dissociating imitative and spatial compatibilities (2012) · cites this paper as DeJong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994
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Scaltritti, M., Job, R., & Sulpizio, S. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000917 · Cited by 18
A Dual-Task Paradigm to Study the Interference Reduction in the Simon Task
Suárez, I., Vidal, F., Burle, B., & Casini, L. A. (2014) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000275 · Cited by 18
“In their original study, De Jong et al. (1994) proposed that negative-going slopes could reflect a mechanism for inhibiting irrelevant position information that strengthens over time.”
BackgroundResponse preparation modulates interference from irrelevant spatial information
Wühr, P. (2006) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.12.011 · Cited by 18
“To assess the time course of the correspondence eVects, RTs in corresponding and noncorresponding conditions were independently subdivided into quintiles (cf. De Jong et al., 1994 ).”
MethodInfluentialCommentary on Barber and O'Leary: Learning and attention in S-R compatibility
Umiltà, C. A., & Zorzi, M. (1997) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(97)80032-5 · Cited by 18
Humans reconfigure target and distractor processing to address distinct task demandsPreprint
Ritz, H., & Shenhav, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.459546 · Cited by 18
“These analyses work under the logic that faster RTs reflect earlier epochs of information processing, consistent with ‘delta function’ analyses of how congruence effects differ across RT quantiles (De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002; van den Wildenberg et al., 2010).”
ResultWeigard, A. S., Heathcote, A., & Sripada, C. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05316-x · Cited by 13
Modulation of the Affordance Effect through Transfer of Learning
Ottoboni, G., Iani, C., Tessari, A., & Rubichi, S. (2013) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.863370 · Cited by 17
Müsseler, J., Koch, I., & Wühr, P. (2005) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440540000068 · Cited by 17
HiTEC: a connectionist model of the interaction between perception and action planning
Haazebroek, P., Raffone, A., & Hommel, B. (2016) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-016-0803-0 · Cited by 17
Salzer, Y., de Hollander, G., & Forstmann, B. U. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.023 · Cited by 17
“The model, which is an elaboration of the ual-route model (De Jong et al., 1994), proposes that for corect completion of the task, an active inhibition process suppresses he task-irrelevant direct route.”
InfluentialSame, but different: Binding effects in auditory, but not visual detection performance
Schöpper, L.-M., & Frings, C. (2022) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-021-02436-5 · Cited by 18
“2 a) The calculated non-spatial feature repetition benefit and b) the calculated IOR-effect on the y-axis in ms and reaction times on the x-axis in ms as a function of percentile (c.f., delta plots; De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002) and experiment.”
BackgroundAsymmetrical hemispheric EEG activation evoked by stimulus position during the Simon task
Spironelli, C., Tagliabue, M., & Angrilli, A. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.013 · Cited by 17
“Indeed, there is converging behavioral and psychophysiological evidence that the stimulus spatial code automatically activates the corresponding motor response spatial code [3,4,17].”
BackgroundThe Simon Effect in Schizophrenic Patients with Negative Symptoms
Gastaldo, S., Umiltà, C. A., Bianchin, G., et al. (2002) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70647-6 · Cited by 17
The N-40: An electrophysiological marker of response selection
Carbonnell, L., Ramdani, C., Meckler, C., Burle, B., Hasbroucq, T., & Vidal, F. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.011 · Cited by 17
“…location automatically engages a response impulse in the spatially corresponding hand while the relevant stimulus color must be translated into the required response according to the task instructions (De Jong et al., 1994; Kornblum, 1994; Proctor et al., 1995, but see Van der Lubbe et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodReal-Life Motor Training Modifies Spatial Performance: The Advantage of Being Drummers
Pellicano, A., Iani, C., Rubichi, S., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.2.0169 · Cited by 17
Finkbeiner, M. S., & Heathcote, A. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-1044-9 · Cited by 17
Modality-switching in the Simon task: The clash of reference frames.
Ruzzoli, M., & Soto‐Faraco, S. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000342 · Cited by 17
The timing of stimulus localisation and the Simon effect: an ERP study
Wascher, E. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2198-1 · Cited by 17
Space is a late heuristic of elapsing time: New evidence from the STEARC effect
Scozia, G., Pinto, M., Lozito, S., Lasaponara, S., Binetti, N., Pazzaglia, M., & Doricchi, F. (2023) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.009 · Cited by 16
“The presentation of stimuli in lateral space produces the automatic coding of their “ left ” or “ right ” position (De Jong et al., 1994; Rubichi et al., 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialLogical recoding of S–R rules can reverse the effects of spatial S–R correspondence
Wuhr, P., & Biebl, R. (2009) · Attention, Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/app.71.2.248 · Cited by 16
Cespón, J., Galdo‐Álvarez, S., & Dı́az, F. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.07.002 · Cited by 14
Buckolz, E., Avramidis, C., & Fitzgeorge, L. (2007) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-007-0107-5 · Cited by 16
The Simon Effect in Action: Planning and/or On‐Line Control Effects?
Scorolli, C., Pellicano, A., Nicoletti, R., Rubichi, S., & Castiello, U. (2014) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.12188 · Cited by 16
Automaticity of Conceptual Magnitude
Gliksman, Y., Itamar, S., Leibovich, T., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21446 · Cited by 16
Treccani, B., Cona, G., Milanese, N., & Umiltà, C. A. (2017) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0863-9 · Cited by 16
Steinborn, M. B., & Huestegge, L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00896 · Cited by 15
“In this way, delta plots provide a convenient simplification of the relatively complex information present in the CDFs (cf. De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002; Schwarz and Miller, 2012; Ulrich et al., 2015; Steinborn et al., 2016b).”
How different direct association routes influence the indirect route in the same Simon-like task
Luo, C., & Proctor, R. W. (2018) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-018-1024-5 · Cited by 16
Lorenz, A., Regel, S., Zwitserlood, P., & Rahman, R. A. (2018) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.09.001 · Cited by 16
Incidental covariation learning leading to strategy change
Gaschler, R., Schuck, N. W., Reverberi, C., Frensch, P. A., & Wenke, D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210597 · Cited by 14
Mechanisms of Impulsive Responding to Temporally Predictable Events as Revealed by Electromyography
Korolczuk, I., Burle, B., Coull, J. T., & Śmigasiewicz, K. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.022 · Cited by 16
Interacting hands: the role of attention for the joint Simon effect
Liepelt, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01462 · Cited by 16
“The distributions were divided into quartiles (bins) from the fastest to the slowest (see e.g., De Jong et al., 1994).”
BackgroundResponse preparation and code overlap in dual tasks
Koch, I., & Prinz, W. (2005) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193215 · Cited by 16
Ramdani, C., Carbonnell, L., Rabat, A., Meckler, C., Burle, B., Hasbroucq, T., & Vidal, F. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.004 · Cited by 16
Practice-induced and sequential modulations in the Simon task: evidence from pupil dilation
D’Ascenzo, S., Iani, C., Guidotti, R., Laeng, B., & Rubichi, S. (2016) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.08.002 · Cited by 18
Bashore, T. R., Wylie, S. A., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & Martinerie, J. M. (2013) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2013.850058 · Cited by 16
The effect of age on inhibition of return is independent of non-ocular response inhibition
Poliakoff, E., Coward, R., Lowe, C., & O'Boyle, D. J. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.012 · Cited by 15
Winkel, J. (2009) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.057.2009 · Cited by 16
A model-based quantification of action control deficits in Parkinson's disease
Servant, M., van Wouwe, N. C., Wylie, S. A., & Logan, G. D. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.014 · Cited by 16
“Theories of this effect assume that the irrelevant location of the stimulus automatically primes a corresponding lateralized response (De Jong et al., 1994; Hommel, 1993; Kornblum et al., 1990; Ridderinkhof, 2002).”
BackgroundMethodCommentary on Lu: A dual-route processing architecture for stimulus-response correspondence effects
Ridderinkhof, K. R. (1997) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(97)80030-1 · Cited by 16
Perea, M., Marcet, A., Baciero, A., & Gómez, P. (2022) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-022-01720-9 · Cited by 14
The temporal dynamic of automatic inhibition of irrelevant actions.
Atas, A., & Axel Cleeremans, B. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0038654 · Cited by 17
“For the analysis of “CE on RTs across different levels of response latency,” we used the RT distributional analysis procedure (De Jong et al., 1994; Hommel, 1997; Ridderinkhof, 2002a; ValleInclán & Redondo, 1998; Wascher et al., 2001).”
Seeing the Big Picture: Size Perception Is More Context Sensitive in the Presence of Others
Garcia‐Marques, T., Fernandes, A., Prada, M., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141992 · Cited by 15
“Research has identified this pattern of earlier or later interference through the use of the delta plot technique—plotting the effect as a function of response speed [13].”
MethodLien, M.-C., Pedersen, L., & Proctor, R. W. (2015) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-015-0699-0 · Cited by 15
Iani, C., Ciardo, F., Panajoli, S., Lugli, L., & Rubichi, S. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01271-6 · Cited by 15
Sulpizio, S., Job, R., Leoni, P., & Scaltritti, M. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218211030863 · Cited by 15
“As a second step, we implemented a delta-plot analysis (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994) and, for each experiment, we looked at how the different effects unfolded as a function of response speed.”
MethodSchöpper, L.-M., & Frings, C. (2022) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2023.2169802 · Cited by 15
“Cumulative reaction time distributions of (A) the calculated IOR-effect and (B) the calculated S-R binding effect on the y-axis in ms and reaction times on the x-axis as a function of reaction time percentiles (cf., delta plots, De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002) separate for each task.”
BackgroundAction plans can interact to hinder or facilitate reach performance
Fournier, L. R., Wiediger, M. D., & Taddese, E. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0959-5 · Cited by 15
Xia, T., Li, H., & Wang, L. E. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23064 · Cited by 15
“These results have been replicated by many studies [De Jong et al., 1994; Lu and Proctor, 1994; Proctor and Pick, 2003; Simon and Vilapakkam, 1981; W€uhr and Biebl, 2009].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialКостов, К., & Janyan, A. (2020) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01329-w · Cited by 13
An ERP investigation of task switching using a flanker paradigm
Umebayashi, K., & Okita, T. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.050 · Cited by 15
“This assumption of response activation based on feature-level and focused-level information is also line with a dual-process model (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994).”
Sustained suppression in congruency tasks
Notebaert, W., & Soetens, E. L. L. (2005) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210500151360 · Cited by 15
“Hommel (1993) and De Jong, Liang, and Lauber (1994) already demonstrated that the Simon effect decreases as the reaction times (RTs) increase.”
BackgroundLocation specificity in response selection processes for visual stimuli
Magen, H., & Cohen, A. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03193802 · Cited by 15
Simon effect in the rat: A new model for studying the neural bases of the dual-route architecture
Courtière, A., Hardouin, J., Burle, B., Vidal, F., & Hasbroucq, T. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.01.012 · Cited by 15
Eimer, M. (1997) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(97)80027-1 · Cited by 14
Dzianok, P., Antonova, I., Wojciechowski, J., Dreszer, J., & Kublik, E. (2022) · GigaScience · doi:10.1093/gigascience/giac015 · Cited by 14
Schöpper, L.-M., Lappe, M., & Frings, C. (2022) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2022.2139033 · Cited by 15
“…of location relation and colour relation on the y-axis and reaction times on the x-axis as a function of percentile (cf. delta plots; see De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002) and response conditions of Experiment 1 (translated and direct response) and Experiment 2 (control: direct…”
BackgroundFitzgeorge, L., Buckolz, E., & Khan, M. A. (2011) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0125-7 · Cited by 14
Möller, M., Mayr, S., & Buchner, A. (2012) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-012-0380-2 · Cited by 14
Interaction between location- and frequency-based inhibition of return in human auditory system
Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0642-0 · Cited by 16
“The response inhibition accounts Another possible mechanism for IOR appearing in the cue–target paradigm is response inhibition in which participants must suppress their natural tendency to respond to the cue (Harvey 1980; Prime and Ward 2002; Tassinari et al. 2002; De Jong et al. 1994).”
BackgroundPlaceholders dissociate two forms of inhibition of return
Hilchey, M. D., Pratt, J., & Christie, J. J. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1247898 · Cited by 14
How Do Children Deal With Conflict? A Developmental Study of Sequential Conflict Modulation
Smulders, S. F. A., Soetens, E. L. L., & van der Molen, M. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00766 · Cited by 14
“This pattern has been taken to suggest that compatibility mixing induces a strategic bias toward incompatibility resulting in an active suppression of the compatible mapping rule, thereby reducing the SRC effect on the speed of responding (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994).”
Alcohol Hangover Slightly Impairs Response Selection but not Response Inhibition
Opitz, A., Hubert, J., Beste, C., & Stock, A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8091317 · Cited by 14
“This conflict is thought to arise between automatic “direct route” processes that promote “unconditionally automatic” responding on the task-irrelevant stimulus side and controlled “indirect route” processing of the correct response based on the “conditional” processing of task-relevant stimulus features [43].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYu, S., Ghin, F., Mückschel, M., Ziemssen, T., Stock, A., & Beste, C. (2022) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108143 · Cited by 14
Wearing the face mask affects our social attention over space
Villani, C., D’Ascenzo, S., Scerrati, E., Ricciardelli, P., Nicoletti, R., & Lugli, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923558 · Cited by 12
Roberts, R. D., & Pallier, G. (2001) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221300109598913 · Cited by 15
Soutschek, A., Schwarzkopf, W., Finke, K., Hennig‐Fast, K., Müller, H. J., Riedel, M. J., Möller, H., Sorg, C., & Schubert, T. (2013) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.02.013 · Cited by 13
How different location modes influence responses in a Simon-like task
Luo, C., & Proctor, R. W. (2016) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-016-0809-7 · Cited by 14
Evidence accumulation in the integrated and primed Stroop tasks
Kinoshita, S., Wit, B. D., Aji, M., et al. (2017) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-017-0701-8 · Cited by 14
Uncovering effects of self-control and stimulus-driven action selection on the sense of agency
Wang, Y., Damen, T. G. E., & Aarts, H. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.09.005 · Cited by 14
“…trials automatically activate irrelevant response code that requires volitional control to prevent it from execution and to minimize conflict (De Jong et al., 1994; Hommel, Müsseler, Aschersleben, & Prinz, 2001; Kornblum et al., 1990; Ridderinkhof, 2002; for an overview see Proctor & Vu,…”
Trial-by-trial modulations in the orienting of attention elicited by gaze and arrow cues
Ciardo, F., Ricciardelli, P., & Iani, C. (2018) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021818769588 · Cited by 13
Viewpoint alignment and response conflict during spatial judgment
Sohn, M.-H., & Carlson, R. A. (2003) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196551 · Cited by 14
“We might, therefore, expect response conflict to play a role in explaining the misalignment effect in spatial judgment, just as it plays an important role in theories of spatial stimulus‐ response compatibility effects ( De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994 ).”
BackgroundClosing-in behaviour and motor distractibility
Ambron, E., Sala, S. D., & McIntosh, R. D. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.019 · Cited by 14
Influence of Temporal Overlap on Time Course of the Simon Effect
Baroni, G., Pellicano, A., Lugli, L., et al. (2011) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000130 · Cited by 14
“De Jong et al. (1994) firstly attributed this distribution pattern to an”
BackgroundDifferent types of semantic interference, same lapses of attention: Evidence from Stroop tasks
Scaltritti, M., Job, R., & Sulpizio, S. (2022) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-021-01256-0 · Cited by 11
Kerzel, D., & Buetti, S. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0246-6 · Cited by 13
Exploring handedness asymmetries in the Simon effect
Seibold, J. C., Chen, J., & Proctor, R. W. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-1037-8 · Cited by 14
“, De Jong et al., 1994). Other explanations place emphasis on the nature of the spatial codes that underlie the Simon effect. According to the referential coding account offered by Hommel (1993b), the spatial stimulus codes are formed in relation to reference frames in the task environment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe breakdown of the Simon effect in cross‐modal contexts: EEG evidence
Castro, L., Soto‐Faraco, S., Fernández, L. M., & Ruzzoli, M. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13882 · Cited by 10
“This pattern reflects the well-known effect of overall RT on the Simon effect (De Jong et al., 1994), but also the fact that the Simon effect vanished (or at best reduced) in the mixed-modality blocks.”
BackgroundAge-related effects in compound production: Evidence from a double-object picture naming task
Lorenz, A., Zwitserlood, P., Regel, S., & Rahman, R. A. (2018) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021818806491 · Cited by 14
“Note that both response priming and inhibitory control are known to affect performance in a Simon task (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994; Stürmer et al., 2002).”
BackgroundDissociations of spatial congruence effects across response measures: an examination of delta plots
Miller, J. O., & Roüast, N. M. (2015) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-015-0694-5 · Cited by 13
“, decreasing delta plot; De Jong et al., 1994; Hommel, 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002a; Wascher et al., 2001). Thus, establishing that Simon effects on RFr and RFnr also decrease for slower responses has the potential to provide additional evidence—independent of RT delta plots—that location-based effects are smaller when r…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKoyun, A. H., Stock, A., & Beste, C. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37524-z · Cited by 13
The Impact of Speed-Accuracy Instructions on Spatial Congruency Effects
Heuer, H., & Wühr, P. (2023) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.318 · Cited by 12
Fitousi, D. (2016) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-016-1197-1 · Cited by 12
“Second, the relative speed of processing account (De Jong et al., 1994) cannot accommodate the finding that the Simon effect was present even when the baseline speeds of location and color were matched (i.e., via dimensional discriminability), nor can it explain the finding that color did…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe role of task space in action control: Evidence from research on instructions
Xiong, A., & Proctor, R. W. (2018) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2018.09.007 · Cited by 13
“De Jong, Liang, and Lauber (1994) conducted a version of the Hedgeand-Marsh task in which the designation of the colors of the response alternatives (red and blue in their study) varied from trial to trial, being cued 1s in 347The role of task space in action control advance by onset of colored…”
Cheng, W., Huang, Q., Chen, Y., Dai, W., Cui, Y., Shan, S., Chen, Z., & Zhou, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.626907 · Cited by 13
Robot’s Social Gaze Affects Conflict Resolution but not Conflict Adaptations
Ciardo, F., & Wykowska, A. (2022) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.189 · Cited by 14
The Simon Effect With Saccadic Eye Movements
Lugli, L., Baroni, G., Nicoletti, R., & Umiltà, C. A. (2016) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000319 · Cited by 11
Scherbaum, S., Frisch, S., Dshemuchadse, M., Rudolf, M., & Fischer, R. (2016) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-016-0823-9 · Cited by 12
Lever, A. G., Ridderinkhof, K. R., Marsman, M., & Geurts, H. M. (2016) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000219 · Cited by 15
“Dual-process models have been proposed to explain the interference effects elicited in conflict tasks (De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994; Kornblum, Hasbroucq, & Osman, 1990; Ridderink-hof, van der Molen, & Bashore, 1995) by assuming that stimulus information is processed along two separate pathways.”
Watanabe, T., Saito, K., Ishida, K., Tanabe, S., & Nojima, I. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3727-5 · Cited by 12
Feldman, J. L., & Freitas, A. L. (2018) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000212 · Cited by 12
“…we found clear support for our predictions in the response time and accuracy data, such that interference effects of the Stroop-trajectory manipulation were much larger on Simon-compatible trials than on Simon-incompatible trials, consistent with previous behavioral research (De Jong et al., 1994).”
BackgroundResultUnveiling the boost in the sandwich priming technique
Fernández-López, M., Davis, C., Perea, M., Marcet, A., & Gómez, P. (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218211055097 · Cited by 11
The Nature of Associations between Physical Stimulus Size and Left-Right Response Codes
Richter, M., & Wühr, P. (2022) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.206 · Cited by 12
The influence of prior practice and handedness on the orthogonal Simon effect
Iani, C., Milanese, N., & Rubichi, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00039 · Cited by 12
“Second, we investigated whether for both groups of participants the orthogonal Simon effect is influenced by the stimulusresponse (S-R) mapping used for an orthogonal spatial S-R compatibility task performed 5 min before (Experiment 2).”
BackgroundMethodTarget–flanker discriminability affects conflict size but not sustained suppression
Zeischka, P., Coomans, D., Deroost, N., Vandenbossche, J., & Soetens, E. L. L. (2010) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.11.004 · Cited by 11
A memory-based, Simon-like, spatial congruence effect: Evidence for persisting spatial codes
Zhang, J. X., & Johnson, M. K. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980343000404 · Cited by 12
“For example, De Jong et al. (1994) found the Simon effect was reduced almost to zero for responses made around 700 ms.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTesting Theories of Post-Error Slowing
Dutilh, G., Vandekerckhove, J., Forstmann, B. U., Keuleers, E., Brysbaert, M., & Wagenmakers, E. (2011) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e520602012-241 · Cited by 12
Bräutigam, L. C., Leuthold, H., Mackenzie, I. G., & Mittelstädt, V. (2023) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-023-01447-x · Cited by 12
“Consider also that dual-process conflict-task models often (at least implicitly) assume that postperceptual—and hence presumably abstract (amodal)— activations are superimposed during decision-making (e.g., Botvinick et al., 2001; De Jong et al., 1994; Eimer et al., 1995; Ulrich et al., 2015).”
BackgroundLehle, C., Cohen, A., Sangals, J., Sommer, W., & Stürmer, B. (2010) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.09.013 · Cited by 10
“First, the Simon effect is most commonly explained by so called dual-route models of response selection (e.g. De Jong et al., 1994; Hommel, 1993; Kornblum et al., 1990).”
BackgroundMethodSchmidt, C. C., Timpert, D. C., Arend, I. C., Vossel, S., Dovern, A., Saliger, J., Karbe, H., Fink, G. R., Henik, A., & Weiss, P. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00414 · Cited by 10
“…(Forstmann et al., 2008) and efficiency (Wylie et al., 2010) of the selective response inhibition process can be revealed by distributional analyses of RTs in which the Simon effect is analyzed as a function of intraindividual response latencies (De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof et al., 2004b).”
BackgroundResponse Inhibition as a Function of Movement Complexity and Movement Type Selection
Galvéz-García, G., Albayay, J., Rehbein, L., Bascour–Sandoval, C., & Michael, G. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02290 · Cited by 11
“In a classical Simon task, delta-plots show the initial increase of the effect size through a positive slope, followed by a leveling off and decay of the Simon effect as reaction time increases (De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof et al., 2002a, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- De Jong, R., Liang, C.-C., & Lauber, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 731-750
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W4248568169
- Cited by
- 806
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- automaticity, dual-process models, spatial attention, stimulus-response compatibility
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