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Conditional and unconditional automaticity: a dual-process model of effects of spatial stimulus–response correspondence
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“Like many other forms of SRC in which participants respond to static symbolic stimuli (De Jong et al., 1994; Eimer et al., 1995), imitative compatibility effects are attributed to automatic activation of the stimulus-compatible motor representation.”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as De Jong et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“In sum, the evidence from these two experiments suggests that the processing of spatial compatibility and automatic imitation are dissociable at two different levels in dual processing models of S-R compatibility (e.g., DeJong et al., 1994;Tagliabue, Zorzi, Umilta, & Bassignani, 2000).”
From Is automatic imitation a specialized form of stimulus–response compatibility? Dissociating imitative and spatial compatibilities (2012) · cites this paper as DeJong et al., 1994
In the citing paper
“Consistent with previous interpretations (e.g., DeJong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994;Wühr & Biebl, 2009), we surmise that responding to the stimulus cue opposite to the one that appears on the screen requires a logical recoding of the relevant stimulus and that this recoding carries-over to the irrelevant stimulus as well.”
From Is automatic imitation a specialized form of stimulus–response compatibility? Dissociating imitative and spatial compatibilities (2012) · cites this paper as DeJong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994
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Kaiser, J., Ulrich, R., & Lutzenberger, W. (2003) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00171-x · Cited by 26
Flanker effects on motor output and the late-level response activation hypothesis
Mattler, U. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980443000089 · Cited by 27
Dittrich, K., Bossert, M.-L., Rothe‐Wulf, A., & Klauer, K. C. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1207690 · Cited by 27
The impact of anatomical and spatial distance between responses on response conflict
Wühr, P., & Heuer, H. (2018) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-018-0817-5 · Cited by 26
Cespón, J., Galdo‐Álvarez, S., & Dı́az, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00445 · Cited by 24
Ambrosi, S., Śmigasiewicz, K., Burle, B., & Blaye, A. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001122 · Cited by 25
“…stimulus presented on the left automatically activates left responses in a Simon task) while the relevant dimension of the stimulus requires to be translated into the correct response as a function of task instruction via a slower, deliberate and more controlled route (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994).”
MethodRevisiting the affective Simon effect
Duscherer, K., Holender, D., & Molenaar, E. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701339228 · Cited by 26
TMS of the FEF Interferes with Spatial Conflict
Bardi, L., Kanai, R., Mapelli, D., & Walsh, V. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00223 · Cited by 24
“To explain mechanisms underlying conflict, dual-route models (De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994 ; Kornblum, Hasbroucq, & Osman, 1990 ) postulate two parallel routes of information processing: spatial information automatically activates its spatially corresponding response via a fast direct route, whereas the task-relevan…”
MethodActing while perceiving: assimilation precedes contrast
Grosjean, M., Zwickel, J., & Prinz, W. (2008) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-008-0146-6 · Cited by 25
Klempova, B., & Liepelt, R. (2015) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-015-0664-y · Cited by 26
“…enlarged compared to the SE following regular single response events, which contradicts the functional equivalence assumption of the task co-representation account, but is in line with previous findings investigating the mechanisms underlying the SE (e.g., Hommel 1993b, 1994; De Jong et al., 1994).”
ResultImproving performance through implementation intentions: Are preexisting response biases replaced?
Miles, J. D., & Proctor, R. W. (2008) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.15.6.1105 · Cited by 26
Hilchey, M. D., Ivanoff, J., Taylor, T. L., & Klein, R. M. (2010) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.09.003 · Cited by 26
“…1994; Hommel, 1993, 1994; Kornblum & Lee, 1995; Kornblum et al., 1999), speed and accuracy of performance on a Simon task depend on the joint contribution of the response automatically (and according to De Jong et al., 1994, unconditionally) activated by the target's taskirrelevant location (Fig.”
BackgroundEvidence for strategic suppression of irrelevant activation in the Simon task
Hübner, R., & Mishra, S. (2013) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.05.012 · Cited by 25
The Simon effect modulates N2cc and LRP but not the N2pc component
Cespón, J., Galdo‐Álvarez, S., & Dı́az, F. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.019 · Cited by 25
Ellinghaus, R., & Miller, J. O. (2017) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0844-z · Cited by 24
The location-, word-, and arrow-based Simon effects: An ex-Gaussian analysis
Luo, C., & Proctor, R. W. (2017) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-017-0767-3 · Cited by 24
The Simon effect and its reversal studied with event-related potentials
Valle‐Inclán, F. (1996) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(96)00027-x · Cited by 25
A revised diffusion model for conflict tasks
Lee, P.-S., & Sewell, D. K. (2023) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-023-02288-0 · Cited by 30
“The time-varying strength of congruency effects can be visualized using so-called delta plots, which show RT differences betweencongruentandincongruentstimuliatdifferentpoints in time (De Jong et al., 1994).”
MethodBetween-Task Transfer of Learning From Spatial Compatibility to a Color Stroop Task
Marini, M., Iani, C., Nicoletti, R., & Rubichi, S. (2011) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000115 · Cited by 24
The Medial Frontal Cortex Mediates Self-Other Discrimination in the Joint Simon Task
Liepelt, R., Klempova, B., Dolk, T., Colzato, L. S., Ragert, P., Nitsche, M. A., & Hommel, B. (2016) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000158 · Cited by 25
Emergence of the go/no-go Simon effect by means of practice and mixing paradigms
Lugli, L., Iani, C., Nicoletti, R., et al. (2013) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.021 · Cited by 24
Right—left prevalence effect with horizontal and vertical effectors
Rubichi, S., Nicoletti, R., Pelosi, A., & Umiltà, C. A. (2004) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194877 · Cited by 24
Steinhauser, M., & Hübner, R. (2008) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.36.5.979 · Cited by 24
Simon effect with and without awareness of the accessory stimulus.
Treccani, B., Umiltà, C. A., & Tagliabue, M. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.268 · Cited by 24
“, De Jong et al., 1994; Kornblum & Lee, 1995) suggests that this process might occur without conscious awareness. Furthermore, there is neuropsychological evidence that the position of a visual stimulus is coded and guides visuomotor performance in the absence of conscious experience of the stimulus itself (e.g., Weis…”
BackgroundThreefold effect of peripheral precues: Alertness, orienting, and response tendencies
Lubbe, R. H. J. V. D., Keuss, P. J. G., & Stoffels, E. J. (1996) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(96)00005-4 · Cited by 23
The contribution of non-ocular response inhibition to visual inhibition of return
Coward, R., Poliakoff, E., O’Boyle, D. J., et al. (2004) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1803-z · Cited by 24
Beyond differences in means: robust graphical methods to compare two groups in neurosciencePreprint
Rousselet, G. A., Pernet, C. R., & Wilcox, R. R. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/121079 · Cited by 24
Otaki, M., & Shibata, K. (2019) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.31.250 · Cited by 23
Shared mechanisms underlying the location-, word- and arrow-based Simon effects
Luo, C.-M., & Proctor, R. (2019) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-019-01175-5 · Cited by 19
Improving parameter recovery for conflict drift-diffusion models
Hübner, R., & Pelzer, T. (2020) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-020-01366-8 · Cited by 23
“The specific idea for the DMC model (Ulrich et al., 2015) is based on the dual-route model (De Jong et al., 1994; Kornblum, Hasbroucq, & Osman, 1990), which assumes that task-relevant and task-irrelevant activations result from a controlled and from an automatic process, respectively, and that…”
MethodHumans reconfigure target and distractor processing to address distinct task demands.
Ritz, H., & Shenhav, A. (2023) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000442 · Cited by 38
Decay of Stimulus Spatial Code in Horizontal and Vertical Simon Tasks
Vallesi, A., & Umiltà, C. A. (2009) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221300903266580 · Cited by 23
“The automatic activation of this path, also called unconditional way (De Jong et al., 1994), is held to decay over time (e.g., Hommel, 1994).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialProctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (2003) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(02)00125-7 · Cited by 23
Marx, C. E., Lex, B., Calaminus, C., Hauber, W., Backes, H., Neumaier, B., Mies, G., Graf, R., & Endepols, H. (2012) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00004 · Cited by 23
“Contemporary models assume that the Simon effect reflects basic cognitive mechanisms in which sensorimotor processing occurs via two different channels (De Jong et al., 1994; “dual route model,” Figure 1D).”
BackgroundHow two share two tasks: evidence of a social psychological refractory period effect
Liepelt, R., & Prinz, W. (2011) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2703-2 · Cited by 23
The role of modality: Auditory and visual distractors in Stroop interference
Elliott, E. M., Morey, C. C., Morey, R. D., Eaves, S. D., Shelton, J. T., & Lutfi-Proctor, D. A. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2013.859133 · Cited by 23
On the functional relationship between language and motor processing in typewriting: an EEG study
Scaltritti, M., Pinet, S., Longcamp, M., & Alario, F. ‐. (2017) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2017.1283427 · Cited by 21
Rosa, E. D., Bardi, L., Umiltà, C. A., Masina, F., Forgione, M., & Mapelli, D. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.002 · Cited by 21
“In contrast, if the outcome of the verification process signals that the response is incorrect, the response must be aborted and responding is inhibited (Proctor et al., 1995; see also De Jong et al., 1994).”
How high‐dose alcohol intoxication affects the interplay of automatic and controlled processes
Chmielewski, W. X., Zink, N., Chmielewski, K. Y., Beste, C., & Stock, A. (2018) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12700 · Cited by 23
Practice effects vs. transfer effects in the Simon task
D’Ascenzo, S., Lugli, L., Nicoletti, R., & Umiltà, C. A. (2020) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01386-1 · Cited by 24
Jentzsch, I., & Leuthold, H. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.4.731 · Cited by 22
Zhou, S., Xiong, S., Cheng, W., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-019-09529-w · Cited by 23
A diffusion model for the congruency sequence effect
Luo, C.-M., & Proctor, R. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02119-8 · Cited by 17
Asymmetric transfer effects between cognitive and affective task disturbances
Wirth, R., Pfister, R., & Kunde, W. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1009002 · Cited by 22
Action-space coding in social contexts
Ciardo, F., Lugli, L., Nicoletti, R., Rubichi, S., & Iani, C. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22673 · Cited by 18
Buetti, S., & Kerzel, D. (2010) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470211003802434 · Cited by 20
Tsai, C., Yu, Y.-K., Chen, Y.-J., et al. (2008) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.07.012 · Cited by 22
Melara, R. D., Singh, S., & Hien, D. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00191 · Cited by 21
“Attention theories focus on the flexible and adaptive nature of cognition when humans are confronted with environmental conflict (Gratton et al., 1988, 1992; De Jong et al., 1994; Botvinick et al., 1999, 2004).”
BackgroundLubbe, R. H. J. V. D., & Woestenburg, J. C. (1999) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00019-8 · Cited by 22
Response Selection and Attention Orienting
Spironelli, C., Tagliabue, M., & Umiltà, C. A. (2009) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.274 · Cited by 21
Sequential Modulations of Logical-Recoding Operations in the Simon Task
Wühr, P. (2004) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.51.2.98 · Cited by 22
Inhibitory Control of Lexical Selection in Adults who Stutter
Maxfield, N. D. (2020) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105780 · Cited by 20
“Following this same rationale, the slope of the line connecting delta values between quintiles 4 and 5 was computed for each participant in the current study as follows (from De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002; Shao et al., 2014): Slope=DeltaRT(quintile 5)DeltaRT(quintile 4) / MeanRT(quintile 5)-MeanRT(quintile…”
MethodInfluentialMittelstädt, V., Ulrich, R., König, J., Hofbauer, K., & Mackenzie, I. G. (2022) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-022-02563-7 · Cited by 23
“Specifically, we will compare the condition-specific socalled delta plots which illustrate the size of conflict effects as a function of response speed (e.g., Burle et al., 2013; De Jong et al., 1994; Luo & Proctor, 2020; Ridderinkhof, 2002; Hübner & Töbel, 2019; Schwarz &Miller, 2012).”
MethodFluchère, F., Deveaux, M., Burle, B., Vidal, F., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., Witjas, T., Eusébio, A., Azulay, J., & Hasbroucq, T. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3805-x · Cited by 21
Long trial durations normalise the interference effect and sequential updating during healthy aging
Aisenberg-Shafran, D., Sapir, A., d’Avossa, G., & Henik, A. (2014) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.10.005 · Cited by 23
Thompson, K. M., Hamm, J. P., & Taylor, T. L. (2013) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-013-0584-0 · Cited by 21
Korolczuk, I., Burle, B., & Coull, J. T. (2018) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.006 · Cited by 21
“First, we “vincentized” (De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994; Ratcli ff , 1979; Vincent, 1912) RTs from correct trials only, using a customized python script.”
MethodThe Simon effect: Evidence of a response processing “functional locus”
Buckolz, E., O’Donnell, C., & McAuliffe, J. E. (1996) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/0167-9457(96)00021-8 · Cited by 21
Self, others, objects: How this triadic interaction modulates our behavior
Lugli, L., Baroni, G., Gianelli, C., Borghi, A. M., & Nicoletti, R. (2012) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0218-0 · Cited by 21
Holländer, A., Jung, C., & Prinz, W. (2011) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2688-x · Cited by 21
“…more accurate if stimulus position corresponds with the response location (i.e. left vs. right-hand response) than when they do not correspond (De Jong et al. 1994, A. Holländer (&) C. Jung W. Prinz Department of Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, P.O. Box…”
BackgroundCao, Y., Cao, X., Yue, Z., & Wang, L. E. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0469-5 · Cited by 20
Lim, C. E., & Cho, Y. S. (2020) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01376-3 · Cited by 20
Two processing stages of the SNARC effect
Nan, W., Yan, L., Yang, G., Liu, X., & Fu, S. (2021) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01506-5 · Cited by 21
Richter, T., Ulrich, R., & Janczyk, M. (2023) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2023.102756 · Cited by 21
Stimulus–response compatibility for mixed mappings and tasks with unique responses
Proctor, R. W., & Vu, K. L. (2009) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210902925270 · Cited by 20
“This function is also similar to that typically found for the Simon task when responses are on different hands (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994; Roswarski & Proctor, 1996).”
ResultWolff, N., Chmielewski, W. X., Buse, J., Roessner, V., & Beste, C. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101893 · Cited by 20
“According to the dual process account (De Jong et al., 1994), one process evokes an automatic response tendency to respond towards the location of a stimulus (=“automatic” process; unconditional route).”
Negation as conflict: Conflict adaptation following negating vertical spatial words
Dudschig, C., & Kaup, B. (2020) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104842 · Cited by 20
The SNARC effect occurs in the response-selection stage
Yan, L., Yang, G., Nan, W., Liu, X., & Fu, S. (2021) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103292 · Cited by 20
Endô, H., Kato, Y. K., Kizuka, T., & Takeda, T. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0477-8 · Cited by 20
“In previous LRP studies that employed spatial stimulus-response compatibility tasks, the role of the spatially automatic motor activation was considered to be a preparatory activity for the incoming executive motor command, resulting in a faster reaction (Kornblum et al. 1990; De Jong et al. 1994).”
MethodResultStimulus‐hand correspondence and direct response activation: An electromyographic analysis
Hasbroucq, T., Burle, B., Vidal, F., & Possamaı̈, C.-A. (2009) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00865.x · Cited by 19
Post-response stimulation and the Simon effect: Further evidence of action-effect integration
Grosjean, M., & Mordkoff, J. T. (2002) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280143000566 · Cited by 19
“…for the larger Simon effect in the same-side as opposed to the opposite-side condition by reasoning that the irrelevant spatial code had less time to “fade” over the course of the trial, and was, thus, able to cause more interference/facilitation (e.g., see De Jong et al., 1994; Hommel, 1994).”
BackgroundLateralized warning tones produce typical irrelevant-location effects on choice reactions
Proctor, R. W., & Pick, D. F. (1998) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03209467 · Cited by 20
Blindness to response-compatible stimuli in the psychological refractory period paradigm
Wühr, P., & Müsseler, J. (2002) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506280143000520 · Cited by 19
“In such a situation, one can assume that the low-pitched or the highpitched tone is processed on two different routes, one route being automatic and (mainly) instruction-independent , and the other route being controlled and instruction-dependent (cf., De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994; Eimer, Hommel, & Prinz, 1995; Korn…”
BackgroundLu, C.-H. (1997) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(97)80029-5 · Cited by 20
Hoppe, K., Küper, K., & Wascher, E. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01094 · Cited by 17
“The irrelevant stimulus dimension activates a corresponding response (Kornblum et al., 1990), which can be confirmed by the lateralized readiness potential (LRP; see Coles, 1989) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994; Wascher et al., 2001; Stürmer et al., 2002).”
BackgroundPerea, M., Marcet, A., Lozano, M. E. V., & Gómez, P. (2018) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-018-0825-5 · Cited by 19
Perea, M., Baciero, A., Labusch, M., Fernández‐López, M., & Marcet, A. (2022) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12557 · Cited by 18
Gholamipourbarogh, N., Ghin, F., Mückschel, M., Frings, C., Stock, A., & Beste, C. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26135 · Cited by 18
Heuer, H., Seegelke, C., & Wühr, P. (2023) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.252 · Cited by 20
“Such accounts are of basically two types, namely in terms of qualitative differences such as different processes or codes involved (e.g., De Jong et al., 1994; Gade, Paelecke, & Rey-Mermet, 2020; Wiegand & Wascher, 2005; Wühr & Biebl, 2011) or in terms of quantitative differences such as variations…”
BackgroundLatent state–trait and latent growth curve modeling of inhibitory control.
Faßbender, K., Meyhöfer, I., & Ettinger, U. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001344 · Cited by 17
Kim, S.-A., Lee, S. H., & Cho, Y. S. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.10.001 · Cited by 19
How to cook a SNARC? Space may be the critical ingredient, after all: A comment on
Treccani, B., & Umiltà, C. A. (2010) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2010.11.006 · Cited by 19
“Indeed, as shown by De Jong et al. (1994), the reversal of an effect can be observed after having experienced an incompatible condition even if the processes that normally underlie this effect (in its standard form) are not changed. It is worth noticing that the account of the reversal of the SNARC effect based on the…”
InfluentialFilippi, R., D’Souza, D., & Bright, P. (2018) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006917749061 · Cited by 18
“In incongruent trials, where the correct response is mapped to the opposite side of space from the stimulus location, the response is slowed due to the demand for top-down strategic control (de Jong et al., 1994; Eimer, 1995; Ridderinkhof, 2002; Wiegand & Wascher, 2005).”
BackgroundSuarez, I., Burle, B., Tobon, C., Pineda, D., Lopera, F., Hasbroucq, T., & Casini, L. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.05.010 · Cited by 18
Spatial stimulus-response compatibility and affordance effects are not ruled by the same mechanisms
Ambrosecchia, M., Marino, B. F. M., Gawryszewski, L. G., & Riggio, L. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00283 · Cited by 19
“As assumed by the dual-process model of the SE (e.g., Kornblum et al., 1990; De Jong et al., 1994), two different response codes would be activated by the stimulus: a code that is automatically activated (primed) by the stimulus spatial location, and a code that is activated by the instructions…”
MethodProctor, R. W., & Wang, H. (1997) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(96)00044-3 · Cited by 19
Hazeltine, E., Akçay, Ç., & Mordkoff, J. T. (2010) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.011 · Cited by 19
Do alerting signals increase the size of the attentional focus?
Seibold, V. C. (2017) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-017-1451-1 · Cited by 18
Display-control compatibility: the relationship between performance and judgments of performance
Tlauka, M. (2003) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/0014013031000157931 · Cited by 19
“The activation is automatic rather than voluntary as has been demonstrated in psychophysiological studies employing event-related brain potentials (De Jong et al. 1994).”
BackgroundMethodCan blindness to response-compatible stimuli be observed in the absence of a response?
Stevanovski, B., Oriet, C., & Joliecœur, P. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.2.431 · Cited by 19
Strategy and processing speed eclipse individual differences in control ability in conflict tasksPreprint
Hedge, C. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/vgpxq · Cited by 17
Puffe, L., Dittrich, K., & Klauer, K. C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184844 · Cited by 18
Agnihotri, K., & Kaur, H. (2021) · Mathematics and Computers in Simulation · doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2021.06.022 · Cited by 18
Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children
Suárez, I., Aragón, C. J. D. L. R., Grandjean, A., Barceló, E., Mebarak, M., Harb, S. L., Pineda‐Alhucema, W., & Casini, L. A. (2021) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944 · Cited by 20
“…ipsilateral hand via a fast information processing route, while the relevant stimulus colour must be translated into the required response according to task instructions via a slower controlled processing route (de De Jong et al., 1994; Kornblum, 1994; Kornblum et al., 1990; Proctor et al., 1995).”
BackgroundSaccadic landing positions reveal that eye movements are affected by distractor-based retrieval
Schöpper, L.-M., Lappe, M., & Frings, C. (2022) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-022-02538-8 · Cited by 18
“…that is, the distractor-response binding effect, on the y-axis and reaction times on the x-axis as a function of percentile (cf. delta plots; see De Jong et al., 1994; Ridderinkhof, 2002), separate for Experiment 1/ saccadic latencies (dark grey line) and Experiment 3/manual reaction times (light…”
BackgroundMethodThe Influence of Social and Nonsocial Variables on the Simon Effect
Mussi, D. R., Marino, B. F. M., & Riggio, L. (2015) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000292 · Cited by 18
Voluntary Action Affects Perception of Bistable Motion Display
Mitsumatsu, H. (2009) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6298 · Cited by 16
“There is evidence that the Simon effectögoal-based interactionötends to decrease with longer RTs, which could be attributed to decay of the location coding of sensory input over time (De Jong et al 1994; Rubichi et al 1997).”
BackgroundDruey, M. D., & Hübner, R. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701643397 · Cited by 18
“De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994; Hommel, 1998a; Kornblum et al., 1990; Ridderinkhof, 1997).”
Mechanisms underlying spatial coding in a multiple-item Simon task
Lubbe, R. H. J. V. D., Jaśkowskí, P., & Verleger, R. (2004) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-004-0176-7 · Cited by 17
Asanowicz, D., Wołoszyn, K., Panek, B., & Wronka, E. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.04.005 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- De Jong, R., Liang, C.-C., & Lauber, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 731-750
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W4248568169
- Cited by
- 806
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- automaticity, dual-process models, spatial attention, stimulus-response compatibility
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