Cited by 2,171Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

Kirby, Kris N., Petry, Nancy M., Bickel, Warren K.·1999·Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11-$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25-$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Participants had a 1-in-6 chance of winning a reward that they chose on one randomly selected trial. Delay-discounting rates were estimated from the pattern of participants' choices. The discounting model of impulsiveness (Ainslie, 1975) implies that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness. On average, heroin addicts' discount rates were twice those of controls (p = .004), and discount rates were positively correlated with impulsivity as measured by self-report questionnaires (p < .05). The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,003

Trait-like impulsivity does not predict escalation of heroin self-administration in the rat
McNamara, R., Dalley, J. W., Robbins, T. W., Everitt, B. J., & Belin, D. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1974-9 · Cited by 109
Modularity and the Social Mind
Kurzban, R., & Aktipis, A. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868306294906 · Cited by 118
The price of change: The behavioral economics of drug dependence
Bickel, W. K., Madden, G. J., & Petry, N. M. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80050-6 · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Delay discounting in college cigarette chippers
Heyman, G. M., & Gibb, S. P. (2006) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3280116cfe · Cited by 110
Non-parametric test of time consistency: Present bias and future bias
Takeuchi, K. (2010) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.geb.2010.05.005 · Cited by 113
PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING OF GAINS AND LOSSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK ATTITUDES AND IMPULSIVITY
Shead, N. W., & Hodgins, D. C. (2009) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.92-1 · Cited by 121
Animal models of drug addiction: Where do we go from here?
Olmstead, M. C. (2006) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210500356308 · Cited by 112
Personal relative deprivation and risk: An examination of individual differences in personality, attitudes, and behavioral outcomes
Mishra, S., & Novakowski, D. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.031 · Cited by 123
Value-based modulation of memory encoding involves strategic engagement of fronto-temporal semantic processing regions
Cohen, M. S., Rissman, J., Suthana, N., Castel, A. D., & Knowlton, B. J. (2014) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0275-x · Cited by 108
Mindful eating reduces impulsive food choice in adolescents and adults.
Hendrickson, K. L., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000440 · Cited by 112
Psychological Processes Underlying Risky Decisions in Drug Abusers.
Stout, J. C., Rock, S. L., Campbell, M. C., Busemeyer, J. R., & Finn, P. (2005) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.19.2.148 · Cited by 110
Toward the Study of Trans-Disease Processes: A Novel Approach With Special Reference to the Study of Co-morbidity
Bickel, W. K., & Mueller, E. T. (2009) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504260902869147 · Cited by 105
Self-citation
Further evidence of close correspondence for alcohol demand decision making for hypothetical and incentivized rewards
Amlung, M. T., & MacKillop, J. M. (2015) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2015.02.012 · Cited by 107
Brain atrophy in long-term abstinent alcoholics who demonstrate impairment on a simulated gambling task
Fein, G., Landman, B. A., Tran, H. V., McGillivray, S., Finn, P., Barakos, J. A., & Moon, K. L. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.013 · Cited by 110
Impulsivity and the Modular Organization of Resting-State Neural Networks
Davis, F. C., Knodt, A. R., Sporns, O., Lahey, B. B., Zald, D. H., Brigidi, B. D., & Hariri, A. R. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs126 · Cited by 114
Risk-Taking and Impulsivity: The Role of Mood States and Interoception
Herman, A. M., Critchley, H., & Duka, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01625 · Cited by 117
Increased functional coupling between the left fronto‐parietal network and anterior insula predicts steeper delay discounting in smokers
Clewett, D., LUO, S. H., Hsu, E., Ainslie, G. W., Mather, M., & Monterosso, J. R. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22436 · Cited by 106
Metric and Scale Design as Choice Architecture Tools
Camilleri, A. R., & Larrick, R. P. (2013) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.12.151 · Cited by 107
Reinforcer pathologies: Predicting alcohol related problems in college drinking men and women
Lemley, S. M., Kaplan, B. A., Reed, D. D., Darden, A. C., & Jarmolowicz, D. P. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.025 · Cited by 104
Advances in modeling learning and decision-making in neuroscience
Collins, A. G. E., & Shenhav, A. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01126-y · Cited by 113
Family unpredictability, future discounting, and risk taking
Hill, E. M., Jenkins, J., & Farmer, L. (2007) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2006.12.081 · Cited by 104
Caudate responses to reward anticipation associated with delay discounting behavior in healthy youth
Benningfield, M. M., Blackford, J. U., Ellsworth, M. E., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Martin, P., Cowan, R. L., & Zald, D. H. (2013) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2013.10.009 · Cited by 103
Age and impulsive behavior in drug addiction: A review of past research and future directions
Argyriou, E., Um, M., Carron, C. R., & Cyders, M. A. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.013 · Cited by 111
Commodity specific rates of temporal discounting: Does metabolic function underlie differences in rates of discounting?
Charlton, S. R., & Fantino, E. J. (2007) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2007.08.002 · Cited by 106
Effects of chronic cocaine on impulsivity: relation to cortical serotonin mechanisms
Paine, T. A., Dringenberg, H. C., & Olmstead, M. C. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00156-6 · Cited by 101
The Psychology of Intertemporal Preferences
Urminsky, O., & Zauberman, G. S. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468333.ch5 · Cited by 105
Neuroanatomical correlates of grit: Growth mindset mediates the association between gray matter structure and trait grit in late adolescence
Wang, S., Dai, J., Li, J., Wang, X., Chen, T., Yang, X., He, M., & Gong, Q. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23944 · Cited by 99
Cognitive and neuromodulation strategies for unhealthy eating and obesity: Systematic review and discussion of neurocognitive mechanisms
Forcano, L., Mata, F., de la Torre, R., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.003 · Cited by 103
Applying a Behavioral Economic Framework to Understanding Adolescent Smoking.
Audrain-McGovern, J. E., Rodriguez, D., Tercyak, K. P., Epstein, L. H., Goldman, P. N., & Wileyto, E. P. (2004) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.18.1.64 · Cited by 102
Individual Differences in Delay Discounting Under Acute Stress: The Role of Trait Perceived Stress
Lempert, K. M., Porcelli, A. J., Delgado, M. R., & Tricomi, E. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00251 · Cited by 112
Cognition and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies
Cha, C. B., Wilson, K. M., Tezanos, K. M., DiVasto, K. A., & Tolchin, G. K. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.002 · Cited by 94
Answering the missed call: initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse
Hadar, A., Hadas, I., Lazarovits, A., Alyagon, U., Eliraz, D., & Zangen, A. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180094 · Cited by 100
Emotional and non-emotional pathways to impulsive behavior and addiction.
Torres, A., Catena, A., Megías, A., Maldonado, A., Cándido, A., Verdejo-García, A., & Perales, J. C. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00043 · Cited by 99
Impulsivity (delay discounting) for food and cocaine in male and female rats selectively bred for high and low saccharin intake
Perry, J. L., Nelson, S. E., Anderson, M. M., Morgan, A. D., & Carroll, M. E. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.03.012 · Cited by 100
Temporal delay discounting in acutely ill and weight-recovered patients with anorexia nervosa
Ritschel, F., King, J. A., Geisler, D., Flohr, L., Neidel, F., Boehm, I., Seidel, M., Zwipp, J., Ripke, S., Smolka, M. N., et al. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002311 · Cited by 102
Examining delay discounting of condom-protected sex among opioid-dependent women and non-drug-using control women
Herrmann, E. S., Hand, D. J., Johnson, M. W., Badger, G. J., & Heil, S. H. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.026 · Cited by 102
Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills
Vassiliadis, P., Beanato, E., Popa, T., Windel, F., Morishita, T., Neufeld, E., Duqué, J., Derosière, G., Wessel, M. J., & Hummel, F. C. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01901-z · Cited by 97
Depressive patients are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice behavior for monetary gain and loss than healthy subjects- an analysis based on Tsallis' statistics
Takahashi, T., Oono, H., Inoue, T., Boku, S., Kako, Y., Kitaichi, Y., Kusumi, I., Masui, T., Nakagawa, S., Suzuki, K., et al. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1111.6493 · Cited by 99
Effects of morphine and naltrexone on impulsive decision making in rats
Kieres, A. K., Hausknecht, K. A., Farrar, A. M., Acheson, A., de Wit, H., & Richards, J. B. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1697-2 · Cited by 100
Decision-making deficits in drug addiction
Clark, L., & Robbins, T. W. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01960-5 · Cited by 99
Clinical models of decision making in addiction
Koffarnus, M. N., & Kaplan, B. A. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.08.010 · Cited by 99
The Relationship Between Measures of Impulsivity and Alcohol Misuse: An Integrative Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Courtney, K. E., Arellano, R., Barkley‐Levenson, E. E., Galván, A., Poldrack, R. A., MacKillop, J., Jentsch, J. D., & Ray, L. A. (2011) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01635.x · Cited by 105
Short-term cost for long-term benefit: Time preference and cancer control.
Chapman, G. B. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.s41 · Cited by 101
A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity
Xie, C., Xiang, S., Shen, C., Peng, X.-R., Kang, J., Li, Y., Cheng, W., He, S., Bobou, M., Broulidakis, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02317-4 · Cited by 104
The Allocation of Time in Decision-Making
Chabris, C. F., Laibson, D., Morris, C. L., Schuldt, J. P., & Taubinsky, D. (2009) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1162/jeea.2009.7.2-3.628 · Cited by 91
DRIFT: An analysis of outcome framing in intertemporal choice.
Read, D., Frederick, S., & Scholten, M. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0029177 · Cited by 97
Pathological Gambling: A Systematic Review of Biochemical, Neuroimaging, and Neuropsychological Findings
Conversano, C., Marazziti, D., Carmassi, C., Baldini, S., Barnabei, G., & Dell’Osso, L. (2012) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673229.2012.694318 · Cited by 104
Positive mood effects on delay discounting.
Hirsh, J. B., Guindon, A., Morisano, D., & Peterson, J. B. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0019466 · Cited by 103
BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF IMPULSIVITY IN ALCOHOLICS WITH AND WITHOUT A CLUSTER-B PERSONALITY DISORDER
Dom, G., Wilde, B. D., Hulstijn, W., van den Brink, W., & Sabbe, B. (2006) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl030 · Cited by 93
Managing temptation in obesity treatment: A neurobehavioral model of intervention strategies
Appelhans, B. M., French, S. A., Pagoto, S., & Sherwood, N. E. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.035 · Cited by 108
Impulsivity and risk-taking in borderline personality disorder with and without substance use disorders.
Coffey, S., Schumacher, J., Baschnagel, J. S., Hawk, L., & Holloman, G. (2011) · Personality disorders · doi:10.1037/a0020574 · Cited by 98
Behavioral and Neural Evidence of Incentive Bias for Immediate Rewards Relative to Preference-Matched Delayed Rewards
LUO, S. H., Ainslie, G. W., Giragosian, L., & Monterosso, J. R. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4261-09.2009 · Cited by 94
Polymorphic variation in the dopamine D4 receptor predicts delay discounting as a function of childhood socioeconomic status: evidence for differential susceptibility
Sweitzer, M. M., Halder, I., Flory, J. D., Craig, A. E., Gianaros, P. J., Ferrell, R. E., & Manuck, S. B. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss020 · Cited by 103
Externalizing Behavior Through the Lens of the Five-Factor Model: A Focus on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., & Jones, S. (2008) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701845245 · Cited by 94
Relative reinforcing value of food and delayed reward discounting in obesity and disordered eating: A systematic review
Stojek, M. M., & MacKillop, J. M. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.007 · Cited by 98
Time preference and the importance of saving for retirement
Finke, M. S., & Huston, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.004 · Cited by 92
Effects of chronic administration of drugs of abuse on impulsive choice (delay discounting) in animal models
Setlow, B., Mendez, I. A., Mitchell, M. R., & Simon, N. W. (2009) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283305eb4 · Cited by 93
Valuation using multiple price list formats⋆
Anderson, S., Harrison, G. W., Lau, M. I., & Rutström, E. E. (2007) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036840500462046 · Cited by 92
Decision-making ability in current and past users of opiates: A meta-analysis
Biernacki, K., McLennan, S. N., Terrett, G., Labuschagne, I., & Rendell, P. G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.011 · Cited by 92
Relation Between Time Perspective and Delay Discounting: A Literature Review
Teuscher, U., & Mitchell, S. H. (2011) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395780 · Cited by 91
Effects of selective dopaminergic compounds on a delay-discounting task
Koffarnus, M. N., Newman, A. H., Grundt, P., Rice, K. C., & Woods, J. H. (2011) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283473bcb · Cited by 100
Maintained Physical Activity Induced Changes in Delay Discounting
Sofis, M. J., Carrillo, A., & Jarmolowicz, D. P. (2016) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445516685047 · Cited by 92
Discounting of past outcomes.
Yi, R., Gatchalian, K. M., & Bickel, W. K. (2006) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.14.3.311 · Cited by 97
Self-citation
Predicting natural resolution of alcohol-related problems: A prospective behavioral economic analysis.
Tucker, J. A., Vuchinich, R. E., & Rippens, P. D. (2002) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.10.3.248 · Cited by 93
The role of learning-related dopamine signals in addiction vulnerability
Huys, Q. J. M., Tobler, P. N., Hasler, G., & Flagel, S. B. (2014) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63425-2.00003-9 · Cited by 92
Individual Laboratory-Measured Discount Rates Predict Field Behavior
Chabris, C. F., Laibson, D., Morris, C. L., Schuldt, J. P., & Taubinsky, D. (2008) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w14270 · Cited by 94
Turking overtime: how participant characteristics and behavior vary over time and day on Amazon Mechanical Turk
Arechar, A. A., Kraft‐Todd, G., & Rand, D. G. (2017) · Journal of the Economic Science Association · doi:10.1007/s40881-017-0035-0 · Cited by 94
Amplitude low-frequency oscillation abnormalities in the heroin users: A resting state fMRI study
Jiang, G., Qiu, Y., Xue-lin, Z., Han, L., Lv, X., Li, L., Lin, C., Zhuo, F., Hu, S., & Tian, J. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.004 · Cited by 89
Mu and Delta Opioid Receptors Oppositely Regulate Motor Impulsivity in the Signaled Nose Poke Task
Olmstead, M. C., Ouagazzal, A., & Kieffer, B. L. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004410 · Cited by 89
Utility of Machine-Learning Approaches to Identify Behavioral Markers for Substance Use Disorders: Impulsivity Dimensions as Predictors of Current Cocaine Dependence
Ahn, W., Ramesh, D., Moeller, F. G., & Vassileva, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00034 · Cited by 95
Sexual impulsivity in hypersexual men
Reid, R. C., Berlin, H. A., & Kingston, D. A. (2015) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-015-0034-5 · Cited by 89
Cognitive predictors of problem drinking and AUDIT scores among college students
Murphy, P., & Garavan, H. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.011 · Cited by 88
Cue-Induced Craving Increases Impulsivity via Changes in Striatal Value Signals in Problem Gamblers
Miedl, S. F., Büchel, C., & Peters, J. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5020-13.2014 · Cited by 87
The Behavioral and Neuroeconomics of Reinforcer Pathologies: Implications for Managerial and Health Decision Making
Jarmolowicz, D. P., Reed, D. D., Reed, F. D. D., & Bickel, W. K. (2015) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.2716 · Cited by 90
Self-citation
Specific aspects of cognitive impulsivity are longitudinally associated with lower treatment retention and greater relapse in therapeutic community treatment
Barreno, E. M., Domínguez‐Salas, S., Díaz, C., Lozano, O. M., Marín, J. A. L., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2018) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.10.004 · Cited by 92
Individual discount rates: a meta-analysis of experimental evidence
Matousek, J., Havránek, T., & Iršová, Z. (2021) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/s10683-021-09716-9 · Cited by 86
Neuropsychological interventions for decision-making in addiction: a systematic review
Verdejo-García, A., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. A., & Albein-Urios, N. (2019) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9384-6 · Cited by 83
Delay of Gratification, Delay Discounting and their Associations with Age, Episodic Future Thinking, and Future Time Perspective
Goellner, L., Ballhausen, N., Kliegel, M., & Forstmeier, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02304 · Cited by 88
A Meta-Analytic Review of Sex Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Samples
Doidge, J., Flora, D. B., & Toplak, M. E. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718815588 · Cited by 94
Delay discounting decreases in those completing treatment for opioid dependence.
Landes, R. D., Christensen, D. R., & Bickel, W. K. (2012) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0027391 · Cited by 89
Self-citation
Impaired control in addiction involves cognitive distortions and unreliable self-control, not compulsive desires and overwhelmed self-control
Sripada, C. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113639 · Cited by 94
Delay Discounting in Established and Proposed Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Weinsztok, S. C., Brassard, S. L., Balodis, I. M., Martin, L. E., & Amlung, M. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786358 · Cited by 95
Discounting of money, health, and freedom in substance abusers and controls
Petry, N. M. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00090-5 · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Impulse control differences between abstinent heroin users and matched controls
Lee, T. M. C., & Pau, C. W. H. (2002) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050210128915 · Cited by 86
Dopamine‐agonists and impulsivity in Parkinson's disease: Impulsive choices vs. impulsive actions
Antonelli, F., Ko, J. H., Miyasaki, J. M., Lang, A. E., Houle, S., Valzania, F., Ray, N. J., & Strafella, A. P. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22344 · Cited by 94
Delay discounting and impulsivity traits in young and older gambling disorder patients
Steward, T., Mestre‐Bach, G., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Granero, R., Perales, J. C., Navas, J. F., Soriano‐Mas, C., Baño, M., Fernández‐Formoso, J. A., Martín‐Romera, V., et al. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.03.001 · Cited by 84
The structural connectivity of subthalamic deep brain stimulation correlates with impulsivity in Parkinson’s disease
Mosley, P. E., Paliwal, S., Robinson, K., Coyne, T. J., Silburn, P. A., Tittgemeyer, M., Stephan, K. E., Perry, A., & Breakspear, M. J. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa148 · Cited by 87
Discounting and pathological gambling.
Petry, N. M., & Madden, G. J. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12069-010 · Cited by 84
Self-citation
The Value of Nothing: Asymmetric Attention to Opportunity Costs Drives Intertemporal Decision Making
Read, D., Olivola, C. Y., & Hardisty, D. J. (2017) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2016.2547 · Cited by 83
Is the delay discounting paradigm useful in understanding social anxiety?
Rounds, J., Beck, J. G., & Grant, D. M. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.007 · Cited by 84
Subjective discount rates in the general population and their predictive power for energy saving behavior
Enzler, H. B., Diekmann, A., & Meyer, R. (2013) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.049 · Cited by 87
Effect of continuous theta burst stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on cerebral blood flow changes during decision making
Cho, S. S., Pellecchia, G., Ko, J. H., Ray, N. J., Obeso, I., Houle, S., & Strafella, A. P. (2012) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.007 · Cited by 86
The relationship between stress and delay discounting
Fields, S. A., Lange, K. L., Ramos, A. M., Thamotharan, S., & Rassu, F. S. (2014) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000044 · Cited by 88
Defining the place of habit in substance use disorders
Vandaele, Y., & Janak, P. H. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.029 · Cited by 88
A neurobehavioral approach to addiction: implications for the opioid epidemic and the psychology of addiction
Bechara, A., Berridge, K. C., Bickel, W. K., Morón, J. A., Williams, S. B., & Stein, J. S. (2019) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100619860513 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity
Oshri, A., Hallowell, E. S., Liu, S., MacKillop, J. M., Galván, A., Kogan, S. M., & Sweet, L. H. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100642 · Cited by 85
Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward
Poulton, A., & Hester, R. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz077 · Cited by 79
Humans Can Adopt Optimal Discounting Strategy under Real-Time Constraints
Schweighofer, N., Shishida, K., Han, C. E., Okamoto, Y., Tanaka, S., Yamawaki, S., & Doya, K. (2006) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020152 · Cited by 87
Altruism in time: social temporal discounting differentiates smokers from problem drinkers
Bickel, W. K., Jarmolowicz, D. P., Mueller, E. T., Franck, C. T., Carrin, C., & Gatchalian, K. M. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2745-6 · Cited by 85
Self-citation
The hierarchical structure of self-reported impulsivity
Kirby, K. N., & Finch, J. C. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.019 · Cited by 89
Self-citation

Authors: Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K.
Affiliations: Williams College (US)
ORCID: Petry, Nancy M.
Bickel, Warren K.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 128
Issue: 1
Pages: 78-87
ISSN: 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
1939-2222
DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78
OpenAlex: W4234210156
Cited by: 2,171
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 69 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 126 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 116 · 2012: 116
FWCI: 9.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01da006969-10)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32-DA-07242, 2R01DA069-69, R01 DA06969, T32DA007242)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: heroin addiction, drug addiction, delay discounting, delayed rewards, impulsivity, substance use disorders
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Choice Behavior, Heroin Dependence, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Models, Psychological, Reward

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks