Cited by 2,171Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

Kirby, Kris N., Petry, Nancy M., Bickel, Warren K.·1999·Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78

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Abstract

Fifty-six heroin addicts and 60 age-matched controls were offered choices between monetary rewards ($11-$80) available immediately and larger rewards ($25-$85) available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Participants had a 1-in-6 chance of winning a reward that they chose on one randomly selected trial. Delay-discounting rates were estimated from the pattern of participants' choices. The discounting model of impulsiveness (Ainslie, 1975) implies that delay-discounting rates are positively correlated with impulsiveness. On average, heroin addicts' discount rates were twice those of controls (p = .004), and discount rates were positively correlated with impulsivity as measured by self-report questionnaires (p < .05). The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse.

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Authors: Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K.
Affiliations: Williams College (US)
ORCID: Petry, Nancy M.
Bickel, Warren K.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 128
Issue: 1
Pages: 78-87
ISSN: 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
1939-2222
DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78
OpenAlex: W4234210156
Cited by: 2,171
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 69 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 126 · 2015: 115 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 116 · 2012: 116
FWCI: 9.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01da006969-10)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32-DA-07242, 2R01DA069-69, R01 DA06969, T32DA007242)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: heroin addiction, drug addiction, delay discounting, delayed rewards, impulsivity, substance use disorders
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Choice Behavior, Heroin Dependence, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Models, Psychological, Reward

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Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

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