The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bridging the gap among professionals who address youths with school absenteeism: overview and suggestions for consensus
Abstract
Over decades of study, problematic school absenteeism in youths has been associated with diverse terms such as truancy, psychoneurotic truancy, school refusal, school phobia, and separation anxiety. Unfor-tunately, such disparity has led to lack of consensus regarding definition, assessment, and treatment for this population. This is especially problematic given that school absenteeism and dropout remain at crisis proportions. A brief historical overview is presented of the various terms used to define subtypes of absenteeism. Suggestions are then made for building consensus among psychologists, educators, and others who address these youths. These suggestions surround using a common definitional and assessment approach as well as designing treatment strategies that cover all youths with problematic absenteeism. Problematic school absenteeism in youths has been researched and discussed extensively for over a century, receiving attention from psychologists of different theoretical orientations as well as educators, social workers, physicians, and others. A byproduct of this extensive attention, however, has been considerable disparity about fundamental concepts of definition, assessment, and treat-ment. Such disparity has been manifested by the presence of different sets of professionals who often evaluate a particular aspect of problematic school absenteeism at the expense of view-ing the population as a whole. As a result, practitioners, research-ers, and others are often “not on the same page ” when addressing students or clients, examining research samples, or classifying absentees. Such lack of consensus is especially problematic given that 5.5%–20.0 % of youths are absent from school on a given day and that 11.1 % of youths aged 16–24 years have dropped out of
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Disadvantages to an acute-chronic distinction include variable timelines posed by researchers and the need for more empirical data to support a particular timeline distinction (Kearney, 2003; Balfanz and Byrnes, 2012).”
From Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 1) (2019) · cites this paper as Kearney, 2003
In the citing paper
“A shared understanding of SAPs is needed (Pellegrini, 2007) because inconsistencies and ambiguity are obstacles to the advancement of assessment, intervention, and scientific knowledge surrounding SAPs (Kearney, 2003).”
From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Kearney, 2003
In the citing paper
“Youth reports are important for absences related to distress at school and skipped classes (Kearney, 2003).”
From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Kearney, 2003
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,071
(1991) · Cited by 3,844
Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile
Achenbach, T. M. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,024
Reliability and validity of the revised fear survey schedule for children (FSSC-R)
Ollendick, T. H. (1983) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90087-6 · Cited by 1,013
Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised: Factor Structure and Concurrent Validity
Greca, A. M. L., & Stone, W. L. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2201_2 · Cited by 891
Corners' Rating Scales-Revised
Kollins, S. H., Epstein, J. N., & Conners, C. K. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610621-8 · Cited by 628
Skinner, H. A., Steinhauer, P. D., & Santa-Barbara, J. (1983) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-1983-0018 · Cited by 430
Feinberg, W., & Soltis, J. F. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 393
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
March, J. S. (2012) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t05050-000 · Cited by 376
Wolfstein (1905) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-190502000-00009 · Cited by 346
Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment of School‐Refusing Children: A Controlled Evaluation
King, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Heyne, D. A., Pritchard, M., Rollings, S., Young, D., Myerson, N., & Ollendick, T. H. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199804000-00017 · Cited by 314
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of school phobia.
Last, C. G., Hansen, C., & Franco, N. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199804000-00018 · Cited by 295
National Normative and Reliability Data for the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
Reynolds, C. R., & Paget, K. D. (1983) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1983.12085047 · Cited by 275
School refusal in anxiety-disordered children and adolescents
LAST, C. G., & STRAUSS, C. C. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199001000-00006 · Cited by 264
Comorbidity among Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Last, C. G., Strauss, C. C., & Francis, G. (1987) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198712000-00004 · Cited by 258
A Preliminary Analysis of a Functional Model of Assessment and Treatment for School Refusal Behavior
Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1990) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455900143007 · Cited by 257
Self-citationMeasuring the Function of School Refusal Behavior: The School Refusal Assessment Scale
Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2201_9 · Cited by 234
Self-citationImipramine Plus Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of School Refusal
BERNSTEIN, G. A., BORCHARDT, C. M., PERWIEN, A. R., CROSBY, R. D., KUSHNER, M. G., THURAS, P. D., & LAST, C. G. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200003000-00008 · Cited by 216
School Delinquency and School Commitment
Jenkins, P. H. (1995) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.2307/2112686 · Cited by 213
Conners' Rating Scales - Revised
Conners, C. K. (2012) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t04967-000 · Cited by 204
School phobia: Its classification and relationship to dependency
Berg, I., Nichols, K., & Pritchard, C. (1969) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02074.x · Cited by 193
Corville-Smith, J., Ryan, B. A., Adams, G. R., & Dalicandro, T. (1998) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1022887124634 · Cited by 191
School phobia: the overlap of affective and anxiety disorders
BERNSTEIN, G. A., & GARFINKEL, B. D. (1986) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60231-4 · Cited by 185
School refusal behavior in youth: A functional approach to assessment and treatment.
Kearney, C. A. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10426-000 · Cited by 175
Self-citationNegative affectivity in children: Development and validation of a self-statement questionnaire
Ronan, K. R., Kendall, P. C., & Rowe, M. (1994) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02355666 · Cited by 168
Separation anxiety and school phobia: a comparison using DSM-III criteria
Last, C. G., Francis, G., Hersen, M., Kazdin, A. E., & Strauss, C. C. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.5.653 · Cited by 162
The evolution and reconciliation of taxonomic strategies for school refusal behavior
Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1996) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00087.x · Cited by 156
Self-citationA contribution to the study of truancy.
Broadwin, I. T. (1932) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1932.tb05183.x · Cited by 155
PERSISTENT NON‐ATTENDANCE AT SCHOOL*
Hersov, L. (1960) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1960.tb01987.x · Cited by 151
Classical and operant factors in the treatment of a school phobia.
Lazarus, A. A., Davison, G. C., & Polefka, D. A. (1965) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022130 · Cited by 110
The development, meaning and management of school phobia, workshop, 1956.
Waldfogel, S., Coolidge, J. C., & Hahn, P. B. (1957) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1957.tb05543.x · Cited by 109
Clinical Handbook of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Eisen, A. R., Kearney, C. A., & Schaefer, C. E. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 100
Self-citationBools, C., Foster, J., Brown, I., & Berg, I. (1990) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700013350 · Cited by 96
FUTURE LIVES OF TRUANTS: FAMILY FORMATION AND HEALTH‐RELATED BEHAVIOUR
Hibbett, A., & Fogelman, K. (1990) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1990.tb00934.x · Cited by 96
McWhirter, J. J. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 89
Family Dimensions in Anxious–Depressed School Refusers
Bernstein, G. A., Warren, S. L., Massie, E. D., & THURAS, P. D. (1999) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00021-3 · Cited by 84
Pedigrees, functioning, and psychopathology in families of school phobic children
Bernstein, G. A., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.1.70 · Cited by 79
Estimating the Prevalence of School Refusal and School-Related Fears
de Aldaz, E. G., Vivas, E., Gelfand, D. M., & Feldman, L. (1984) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198412000-00005 · Cited by 76
Desensitization techniques in the treatment of school phobia.
Garvey, W. P., & Hegrenes, J. R. (1966) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1966.tb02301.x · Cited by 72
Classification and diagnosis of depression in school phobia
Kolvin, I., Berney, T. P., & Bhate, S. R. (1984) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.145.4.347 · Cited by 71
Kearney, C. A., Drabman, R. S., & Beasley, J. F. (1993) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/bf01321232 · Cited by 71
Self-citationTHE RELATIONSHIP OF SCHOOL PHOBIA TO CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION
Agras, W. S. (1959) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.116.6.533 · Cited by 62
Acute Neurotic Breakdown in Children with Refusal to go to School
Warren, W. (1948) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.23.116.266 · Cited by 44
Buitelaar, J. K., van Andel, H., Duyx, J., & van Strien, D. C. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 43
School refusal behavior in youth: a functional approach to assessment and treatment
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-1077 · Cited by 41
Differential Classification in School Refusal
Atkinson, L. R., Quarrington, B. J., Cyr, J. J., & Atkinson, F. V. (1989) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.155.2.191 · Cited by 40
Classification of severe school attendance problems
Berg, I., Casswell, G., Goodwin, A., Hullin, R., McGuire, R., & Tagg, G. (1985) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700021024 · Cited by 37
School phobia: A study of five cases.
Suttenfield, V. (1954) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1954.tb02025.x · Cited by 35
Wallace, L. (2013) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2013.757148 · Cited by 35
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Campbell, J. (1955) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02960030004002 · Cited by 33
Why children reject school: views from seven countries
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-5218 · Cited by 30
High School Dropout and Students Identified with Behavioral Disorders
Kortering, L. J., & Blackorby, J. (1992) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299201800106 · Cited by 29
Systemic and Clinical Strategies for Preventing School Refusal Behavior in Youth
Kearney, C. A., & Hugelshofer, D. S. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.14.1.51 · Cited by 20
Self-citationMiller, D. (1986) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.1986.10806435 · Cited by 19
Williams, H. (1927) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0073589 · Cited by 18
School phobia and separation anxiety: Diagnostic and treatment comparisons
Phelps, L., Cox, D. L., & Bajorek, E. (1992) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/1520-6807(199210)29:4 · Cited by 18
Kearney, C. A., & Diliberto, R. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt37 · Cited by 14
Self-citationWhen Children Refuse School: Therapist Gude
Kearney, C. A., & Albano, A. M. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780190604059.001.0001 · Cited by 14
Self-citationKearney, C. A., & Albano, A. M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780190604080.001.0001 · Cited by 9
Self-citationCoping with Student Absenteeism.
Duckworth, K. (1988) · Practitioner · Cited by 6
Do Your Students a Favor and Get Tough on Truants.
Stine, M. D. (1990) · The Executive educator · Cited by 5
Lippman, H. S. (1937) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1937.tb05565.x · Cited by 5
Mental Deficiency and other Factors that influence School Attendance.
Dayton, N. A. (1928) · Mental hygiene · Cited by 5
Classical and Operant Factors in the Treatment of a School Phobia
Lazarus, A. A., Davison, G. C., & Polefka, D. A. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351314442-29 · Cited by 3
An Evaluation of the Truancy Prevention Plan.
Tuck, K. D., & Shimbuli, F. N. (1988) · Cited by 2
Cited by
Sorted by citations
School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: A contemporary review
Kearney, C. A. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.012 · Cited by 906
Self-citationDifferentiation between school attendance problems: why and how?
Heyne, D., Gren-Landell, M., Melvin, G., & Gentle-Genitty, C. (2019) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.03.006 · Cited by 339
Kearney, C. A. (2008) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-008-9078-3 · Cited by 280
Self-citationThe Functional Profiles of School Refusal Behavior: Diagnostic Aspects
Kearney, C. A., & Albano, A. M. (2004) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445503259263 · Cited by 278
Self-citationSchool factors associated with school refusal- and truancy-related reasons for school non-attendance
Havik, T., Bru, E., & Ertesvåg, S. K. (2015) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-015-9293-y · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Kearney, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kearney, Christopher A.
- Venue
- Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-65
- ISSN
- 0735-7028 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1323
- OpenAlex
- W2093904892
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 25.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Professional Psychology Research and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- school absenteeism, truancy, school refusal, school anxiety, separation anxiety, youth, school dropout, terminology, definitions, assessment, treatment, multidisciplinary consensus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review