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Cited by 96Youth Substance Use and School AttendanceChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentSchool Health and Nursing Education

The identification of psychiatric disorders in children who fail to attend school: A cluster analysis of a non-clinical population

Bools, Christopher, Foster, Janet, Brown, Imogen, Berg, Ian·1990·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s0033291700013350
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Abstract

Interviews were conducted with parents of 100 children taken to a 'school attendance committee', because of persistent failure to attend school. Clinical assessment of the attendance problem was carried out so that children were categorized as 'school refusers' (N = 24), 'truants' (N = 53), 'both refusers and truants' (N = 9), or as 'neither' (N = 14). Any ICD-9 psychiatric disorder was separately identified. Cluster analysis of information collected in a standard way indicated that there was a group of children with the features of 'school refusal' who often had generalized neurotic disorders as well and who were mostly girls, another group with the features of 'truancy' all of whom had conduct disorders who were mainly boys, and a third cluster of children who were usually 'truants' but less often psychiatrically disturbed. The study provided evidence for the existence of school refusal with and without generalized neurotic disturbance in a non-clinical population.

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  • Bools et al. (1990) found that half of truancy youth had conduct disorder while none had an emotional disorder, and no school refusal youth had conduct disorder while half had an emotional disorder.

    “For example, Bools et al. (1990) found that half of TR youth had CD while none had an emotional disorder, and no SR youth had CD while half had an emotional disorder.”

    From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Bools et al. (1990)

  • Bools et al. (1990) cluster analysis found one cluster with majority school refusal and no truancy, a second with truancy and severe antisocial behavior and no school refusal, and a third with mostly truancy and no severe antisocial behavior.

    “One cluster contained the majority of SR youth and no TR youth; a second cluster contained TR youth displaying severe antisocial behavior, and no SR youth; and a third cluster contained mostly TR youth with no severe antisocial behavior.”

    From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Bools et al. (1990)

  • In some cases, differentiation between SR and TR may be complicated by the questionable accuracy of the parent's knowledge about the child's whereabouts.

    “In some cases, differentiation between SR and TR may be complicated by the questionable accuracy of the parent's knowledge about the child's whereabouts (Bools et al., 1990).”

    From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Bools et al., 1990

  • In some SW cases youth were identified as having CD and thus resembling TR cases.

    “In some SW cases youth were identified as having CD and thus resembling TR cases (Bools et al., 1990).”

    From Differentiation between school attendance problems: why and how? (2019) · cites this paper as Bools et al., 1990

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Authors
Bools, C., Foster, J., Brown, I., & Berg, I.
Affiliations
University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author
Berg, Ian
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1990-02
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
171-181
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s0033291700013350
OpenAlex
W1995740225
Cited by
96
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
11.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 7098 d)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
Keywords
school refusal, truancy, school attendance problems, child psychopathology, conduct disorder, sex differences, non-clinical population, parent interviews
MeSH terms
Absenteeism, Adolescent, Affective Symptoms, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Neurotic Disorders, Parent-Child Relations, Personality Tests, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics

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