Behavioral and glucocorticoid responses of adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to companionship and social separation
Abstract
Removal of 1 member of a long-standing pair of adult domestic dog (Canis familiaris) kennel mates from the home run for 4 hr had no effect on the behavior or plasma glucocorticoid levels of the remaining dog. When tested in a novel environment, dogs showed increased activity and elevated glucocorticoid levels at the end of the session, but these responses were as large when the dogs were with their kennel mates as when they were alone. However, activity and glucocorticoid levels were not elevated if the dogs were exposed to the novel environment in the presence of their human caretaker. Dogs more often were observed in proximity with, and soliciting social behavior from, the human than the kennel mate. These results highlight the importance of human companionship for the domestic dog and point to a difference in the nature of the social relationships of dogs with humans and with conspecifics.
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Prolonged and chronic exposure to shelter stressors may lead to behavioral changes such as the development of excessive arousal.
“Due to prolonged and chronic exposure to these stressors, behavioral changes may be observed, such as the development of excessive arousal (3, 6–9).”
From Combined enrichment and pharmaceutical intervention reduces excessive arousal in shelter dogs in a randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Tuber, D. S., Hennessy, M. B., Sanders, S., & Miller, J. A.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University at Mansfield (US)
- ORCID
- Hennessy, Michael B.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Psychology
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 103-108
- ISSN
- 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2087
- 0735-7036
- OpenAlex
- W2037198771
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Bioresource Management (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- dogs, companion animals, social separation, glucocorticoids, plasma cortisol, novel environment, dog behavior, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arousal, Corticosterone, Dogs, Female, Hydrocortisone, Male, Motor Activity, Reference Values, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Social Isolation
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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