Adult age and digit symbol substitution performance: a meta-analysis
Abstract
This article reports the results of a meta-analysis of the effects of age, education, and estimated year of measurement on scores from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Analysis of effect sizes for age reported in 141 studies published between 1986 and 2002 indicated a mean standardized difference of -2.07. Age accounted for 86% of the variance in a regression model using age, education, and year submitted as predictors of Digit Symbol scores. There was no association between years of education or year submitted and Digit Symbol scores for younger adults or older adults.
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The DSST is sensitive to age effects.
“That the DSST is sensitive to age effects is well known.23”
From Digit Symbol Substitution Test: The Case for Sensitivity Over Specificity in Neuropsychological Testing (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Hoyer, W. J., Stawski, R. S., Wasylyshyn, C., & Verhaeghen, P.
- Affiliations
- Syracuse University (US)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 211-214
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2072019602
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-11451, R01AG011451)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Digit Symbol Substitution Test, age effects, cognitive aging, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WAIS-R, educational attainment, intelligence test performance, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cognition, Humans, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Wechsler Scales
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