Cited by 1,806Psychometric Methodologies and TestingAttachment and Relationship DynamicsFamily Dynamics and Relationships

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Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

Funk, Janette L., Rogge, Ronald D.·2007·Journal of Family Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572

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Abstract

The present study took a critical look at a central construct in couples research: relationship satisfaction. Eight well-validated self-report measures of relationship satisfaction, including the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT; H. J. Locke & K. M. Wallace, 1959), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; G. B. Spanier, 1976), and an additional 75 potential satisfaction items, were given to 5,315 online participants. Using item response theory, the authors demonstrated that the MAT and DAS provided relatively poor levels of precision in assessing satisfaction, particularly given the length of those scales. Principal-components analysis and item response theory applied to the larger item pool were used to develop the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) scales. Compared with the MAS and the DAS, the CSI scales were shown to have higher precision of measurement (less noise) and correspondingly greater power for detecting differences in levels of satisfaction. The CSI scales demonstrated strong convergent validity with other measures of satisfaction and excellent construct validity with anchor scales from the nomological net surrounding satisfaction, suggesting that they assess the same theoretical construct as do prior scales. Implications for research are discussed.

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“In addition, this measure assesses the same satisfaction constructs measured by other commonly used scales in the literature (e.g., Marital Adjustment Test, Dyadic Adjustment Scale) with enhanced precision to assess differences in satisfaction across participants (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Influential
The Role of Ageist Sexual Stereotypes in the Network of Sexual Difficulties, Sex and Relationship Satisfaction Among Adults Aged 50+
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“The Couples Satisfaction Index showed very high internal consistency (McDonald’s ω total = 0.97 in our sample).”
Influential
Dyadic links between adverse childhood experiences, mindfulness, and relationship quality in a diverse sample of couples
Cooper, E. B., Adler‐Baeder, F. M., & McGill, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231226378 · Cited by 12
“…The Quality Marriage Index (QMI; 3 items on a 1-7 scale; ω = .95; Norton, 1983), the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI; 3 items on a 1-6 scale, 1 item on a 1-7 scale; ω = .88; Funk & Rogge, 2007), and a relationship commitment measure (CD; 3 items on a 1-7 scale; ω = .91; Stanley & Markman, 1992).”
Background
Using Military Screening Questions to Anonymously Recruit Post-9/11 Era Service Members and Veterans Using Online Survey Methods.
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Comparing Responses to Sexual Rejection and Sexual and Relationship Well-Being in Couples Coping with Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder and Community Couples
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“Relationship satisfaction was examined using the 4-item Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-4; Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Fluctuations and individual differences in empathy interact with stress to predict mental health, parenting, and relationship outcomes
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Assessment of women’s sexual quality of life after benign adnexal surgery using vNOTES approach in comparison to conventional laparoscopy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Krull, E., Emery, S. L., Viviano, M., Aerts, L., Petignat, P., & Dubuisson, J. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073691 · Cited by 8
Financial well-being, mindfulness and marital duration as predictors of relationship satisfaction among married couples in Malaysia
Yasmin, A., Aziz, D. A., & Carmergam, S. (2022) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.24425/ppb.2021.139165 · Cited by 9
Common Dyadic Coping Mediates the Associations Between We-Disease Appraisal and Relationship Satisfaction and Quality of Life in HIV Serodiscordant Couples: The Common Fate Mediation Model
Hou, J., Fu, R., Jiang, T., & Yu, N. X. (2023) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaad036 · Cited by 8
All is nice and well unless she outshines him: Higher social status benefits women's well‐being and relationship quality but not if they surpass their male partner
Vink, M., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & van der Lippe, T. (2022) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12573 · Cited by 8
The Moderator Role of Interpersonal Emotion Regulation on the Associations between Commitment, Intimacy, and Couple Satisfaction
Jitaru, M., & Turliuc, M. N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710506 · Cited by 14
“The Couple Satisfaction Index−4 (CSI−4) [57] was used to assess the general couple satisfaction.”
MethodInfluential
Latent profiles of sleep quality, financial management behaviors, and sexual satisfaction in emerging adult newlywed couples and longitudinal connections with marital satisfaction
Saxey, M. T., Li, X., Wikle, J. S., Hill, E. J., LeBaron‐Black, A. B., James, S. L., Brown-Hamlett, J. L., Holmes, E. K., & Yorgason, J. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883352 · Cited by 10
“The scale has good construct validity and exhibits strong convergent validity with other relationship satisfaction scales (Funk and Rogge, 2007).”
Background
Sexual Assertiveness and Its Correlates in Emerging Adults: An Exploratory Study in Cuenca (Ecuador)
López-Alvarado, S., Prekatsounaki, S., Parys, H. V., & Enzlin, P. (2022) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2022.2106527 · Cited by 8
Spouse caregivers’ identification of the patient as their primary support person is associated with better patient psychological well-being
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“Relationship functioning is also measured during treatment using one item assessing relationship conflict, developed for the study, and one item assessing relationship satisfaction from the Couples Satisfaction Index [51].”
Method
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Komlenac, N., Stockinger, L., Vogler, T., & Hochleitner, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.782618 · Cited by 10
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“The Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-16; Funk & Rogge, 2007), is a 32-item measure with a 16-item version measuring relationship satisfaction (e.g., our relationship is strong) in intact couples.”
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“Among the various aspects of this construct, marital satisfaction, defined as a partner’s subjective and global evaluation of a romantic relationship (Funk & Rogge, 2007), has been considered a central feature in the assessment of relational quality and stability (Bookwala, 2005).”
Background
Modeling Dyadic Trajectories: Longitudinal Changes in Sexual Satisfaction for Newlywed Couples
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“Marital satisfaction was assessed using the 16-item Couples Satisfaction Index (Funk & Rogge, 2007) at the first timepoint of data collection (α = 0.96 for husbands and 0.95 for wives).”
MethodInfluential
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“• Quality of couple relationship: Couples Satisfaction Index-4 [58]”
Background
Technology use during couples’ bedtime routines, bedtime satisfaction, and associations with individual and relational well-being
Drouin, M., & McDaniel, B. T. (2021) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407521991925 · Cited by 8
“Participants indicated their relationship satisfaction using the 4- item Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI-4; Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method
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Acar, İ. H., Ece, C., Saral, B., & Gürmen, M. S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01213-1 · Cited by 9
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Rodriguez, L. M., Coy, A. E., & Hadden, B. W. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520975858 · Cited by 9
“Second, relationship satisfaction—one’s level of happiness in the relationship—is a central construct in romantic relationship processes (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Background
Suspicion about a partner’s deception and trust as roots of relational uncertainty during the post-deployment transition
Knobloch, L. K., Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Yorgason, J., Basinger, E. D., Abendschein, B., & McAninch, K. G. (2020) · doi:10.1177/0265407520970645 · Cited by 8
“Individuals responded to the 4-item Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI; Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method
Couples’ Diminished Social and Financial Capital Exacerbate the Association Between Maladaptive Attributions and Relationship Satisfaction
Nguyen, T. P., Karney, B., Kennedy, D. P., & Bradbury, T. N. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10161-w · Cited by 8
Complex assessment of relationship quality within dyads
Reblin, M., Vaughn, A. A., Birmingham, W. C., Smith, T. W., Uchino, B. N., & Spahr, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22392 · Cited by 9
Associations between self-rated physical Health and relationship satisfaction in couples with children
Baucom, K. J. W., Giresi, J., Heyman, R., & Slep, A. M. S. (2020) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102920959527 · Cited by 8
“Higher scores indicate higher relationship satisfaction, with scores less than 24.5 suggestive of clinically significant relationship distress (Funk and Rogge, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Influence of socioeconomic status and mindset on individual’s marital satisfaction during the national lockdown
Kevin, J., & Risla, N. (2020) · doi:10.25215/0802.059 · Cited by 8
Collaborative communication efficiency is linked to relationship satisfaction in dating couples
Bannon, S. M., Taggart, T. C., Kehoe, C. M., & O'Leary, K. (2020) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12319 · Cited by 8
The Moderating Effect of Gender on Expectations and Threats Related to Relationship Help-Seeking
Hubbard, A. K., & Anderson, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2020.1757546 · Cited by 12
Del Apego Adulto a la Infidelidad Sexual: Un Análisis de Mediación Múltiple
Díaz-Pichardo, A. Y., Garrido, L. E., Torres, C. J. A., & Parrón-Carreño, T. (2020) · Psykhe (Santiago) · doi:10.7764/psykhe.29.1.1524 · Cited by 14
“Couples Satisfaction Index en su versión de 16 ítems (CSI-16; Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Coparenting and Relationship Satisfaction in Mothers: The Moderating Role of Sociosexuality
Lamela, D., Figueiredo, B., Jongenelen, I., Morais, A., & Simpson, J. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01548-2 · Cited by 8
“Prior to conducting statistical analyses, data cleaning procedures were performed on the dataset as described by Funk and Rogge (2007).”
Method
Partnerschaft und Gesundheit
Ditzen, B., Eckstein, M., Fischer, M. S., & Aguilar‐Raab, C. (2019) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-019-00379-9 · Cited by 14
Elevation Potential among Circuit Court Nominees and Its Effect on the Senate’s Confirmation Behavior
Badas, A. (2019) · Political research quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912919879233 · Cited by 8

Authors: Funk, J. L., & Rogge, R. D.
Affiliations: University of Rochester (US)
ORCID: Rogge, Ronald D.
Venue: Journal of Family Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 572-583
ISSN: 0893-3200 (ISSN-L)
1939-1293
DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572
OpenAlex: W2116307289
Cited by: 1,806
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 167 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 19.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Family Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Rochester
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
Keywords: relationship satisfaction, measurement precision, scale development, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, item response theory, convergent validity, construct validity, nomological network, couples
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Tests, Psychological Theory, Internet, Principal Component Analysis

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Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

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