Cited by 1,806Psychometric Methodologies and TestingAttachment and Relationship DynamicsFamily Dynamics and Relationships

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Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

Funk, Janette L., Rogge, Ronald D.·2007·Journal of Family Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572

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Abstract

The present study took a critical look at a central construct in couples research: relationship satisfaction. Eight well-validated self-report measures of relationship satisfaction, including the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT; H. J. Locke & K. M. Wallace, 1959), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; G. B. Spanier, 1976), and an additional 75 potential satisfaction items, were given to 5,315 online participants. Using item response theory, the authors demonstrated that the MAT and DAS provided relatively poor levels of precision in assessing satisfaction, particularly given the length of those scales. Principal-components analysis and item response theory applied to the larger item pool were used to develop the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) scales. Compared with the MAS and the DAS, the CSI scales were shown to have higher precision of measurement (less noise) and correspondingly greater power for detecting differences in levels of satisfaction. The CSI scales demonstrated strong convergent validity with other measures of satisfaction and excellent construct validity with anchor scales from the nomological net surrounding satisfaction, suggesting that they assess the same theoretical construct as do prior scales. Implications for research are discussed.

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Method
Three-Generation Model: A Family Systems Framework for the Assessment and Treatment of Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Related Conditions
Ohye, B. Y., Brendel, R., Fredman, S. J., Bui, E., Rauch, P., Allard, M. D., Pentel, K. Z., & Simon, N. (2015) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0037735 · Cited by 29
Queensland Family Cohort: a study protocol
Borg, D. J., Rae, K. M., Fiveash, C. E., Schagen, J., James‐McAlpine, J., Friedlander, F., Thurston, C., Oliveri, M., Harmey, T., Cavanagh, E., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044463 · Cited by 32
But What’s Your Partner Up to? Associations Between Relationship Quality and Pornography Use Depend on Contextual Patterns of Use Within the Couple
Kohut, T., Dobson, K., Balzarini, R. N., Rogge, R. D., Shaw, A. M. M., McNulty, J. K., Russell, V. M., Fisher, W. A., & Campbell, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661347 · Cited by 39
“Study 1: relationship satisfaction Relationship satisfaction was measured with the four item shortform of the Couples Satisfaction Index (Funk and Rogge, 2007).”
MethodSelf-citation
Incorporating physiology into the study of psychotherapy process.
Deits‐Lebehn, C., Baucom, K. J. W., Crenshaw, A. O., Smith, T. W., & Baucom, B. (2020) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000391 · Cited by 36
“Figure 1 presents spouses’ CSI-4 scores over time; the solid horizontal line represents the cut-off value for clinically significant distress of 13.5.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Recalling Experiences: Looking at Momentary, Retrospective and Global Assessments of Relationship Satisfaction
Zygar, C., & Schönbrodt, F. (2019) · Collabra: Psychology · doi:10.31234/osf.io/mvynu · Cited by 28
Lower Sexual Satisfaction and Function Mediate the Association of Assault Military Sexual Trauma and Relationship Satisfaction in Partnered Female Service Members/Veterans.
Blais, R. (2019) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12449 · Cited by 28
“Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction, and scores 13.5 are indicative of distressed relationships (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Importance of a Few Good Friends: Perceived Network Support Moderates the Association Between Daily Marital Conflict and Diurnal Cortisol
Keneski, E., Neff, L. A., & Loving, T. J. (2018) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617731499 · Cited by 28
“To adjust for general relationship quality, spouses also completed a slightly adapted version of the 16-item Couples Satisfaction Index (Funk & Rogge, 2007) as part of the background questionnaire.”
Method
Transitions in marriage
Brisini, K. S. C., Solomon, D. H., & Nussbaum, J. F. (2017) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517699283 · Cited by 36
“The scale is a widely used measure of relational satisfaction and has demonstrated high interitem reliability in previous research (a ¼ .96, Fincham, Paleari, & Regalia, 2002; a ¼ .96, Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method
Personal and couple level risk factors: Maternal and paternal parent-child aggression risk.
Tucker, M. C., Rodriguez, C. M., & Baker, L. R. (2017) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.030 · Cited by 28
“CSI scores are associated with related measures of dyadic adjustment, global relationship satisfaction, and marital adjustment (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
Development of the Experiences of Humility Scale
Davis, D. E., McElroy, S., Choe, E., Westbrook, C. J., DeBlaere, C., Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J., Sandage, S. J., & Placeres, V. (2017) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164711704500101 · Cited by 25
“Partial correlations among items on each subscale were examined after controlling for the total score on that subscale (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method
Couple resilience and life wellbeing in firefighters
Sanford, K., Kruse, M. I., Proctor, A., Torres, V. A., Pennington, M. L., Synett, S. J., & Gulliver, S. B. (2017) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2017.1291852 · Cited by 25
“Participants completed the 4-item version of the Couples Satisfaction Index (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method
Going the Distance
Bois, S. N. D., Sher, T. G., Grotkowski, K., Aizenman, T., Slesinger, N. C., & Cohen, M. (2015) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480715616580 · Cited by 43
“Part four borrows a format from the CSI (Funk & Rogge, 2007) by asking respondents to rate how much they feel six emotions when they think about their romantic relationship with their partner.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The longer your work hours, the worse your relationship? The role of selective optimization with compensation in the associations of working time with relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure in dual-career couples
Unger, D., Sonnentag, S., Niessen, C., & Kuonath, A. (2015) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726715571188 · Cited by 35
“We used the four-item Couples Satisfaction Index (e.g. ‘How satisfied are you with your relationship?’”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian version of the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS-H)
Martos, T., Sallay, V., Szabó, T., Lakatos, C., & Tóth-Vajna, R. (2014) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/mental.15.2014.3.6 · Cited by 28
“…és az IRT (item Martos Tamás és munkatársai 249 response theory) segítségével kidolgozott, több kérdésbõl álló Pár Elégedettségi Index (Couple Satisfaction Index, CSI) — a CSI az elemzések szerint a RAS-nál pontosabban detektálja az elégedettség különbözõ szintjeit (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Cortisol slopes and conflict: A spouse’s perceived stress matters
Shrout, M. R., Renna, M. E., Madison, A. A., Jaremka, L. M., Fagundes, C. P., Malarkey, W. B., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104839 · Cited by 27
“Marital satisfaction was assessed with the Couples Satisfaction Index, a measure that can discriminate between satisfied and dissatisfied couples with greater precision that other commonly used marital scales (Funk and Rogge, 2007).”
Method
Human endogenous oxytocin and its neural correlates show adaptive responses to social touch based on recent social context
Handlin, L., Novembre, G., Lindholm, H., Kämpe, R., Paul, E. R., & Morrison, I. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.81197 · Cited by 33
Parental well-being, couple relationship quality, and children's behavioral problems in the first 2 years of life
Hughes, C. H., Devine, R. T., Mesman, J., Blair, C., & the NewFAMS Team (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000804 · Cited by 42
“In the Couple Satisfaction Index, parents rated their level of agreement to items measuring their overall happiness with their relationship, the extent to which their relationship is rewarding, and the emotions evoked by their relationship.”
Method
Refining Social-Information Processing Theory: Predicting Maternal and Paternal Parent-Child Aggression Risk Longitudinally
Rodriguez, C. M., Wittig, S. M. O., & Silvia, P. (2020) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104563 · Cited by 27
Emotional intimacy, empathic concern, and relationship satisfaction in women with endometriosis and their partners
Niekerk, L. V. V., Schubert, E., & Matthewson, M. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2020.1774547 · Cited by 27
A Closer Look at Sexual Passion in Relationships
Busby, D. M., Leonhardt, N. D., & James, S. L. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01682-4 · Cited by 28
Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Case Example
Wagner, A. C., Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T., & Monson, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1589028 · Cited by 92
“Participants completed assessments at baseline, post-treatment, three-month follow-up, and six-month follow-up, and completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5, patient or partner version; Weathers et al. 2013b) and a one-item rating of relationship satisfaction (Couples Satisfaction Index, CSI; Funk and Rogge 2007) at every…”
Method
The Effect of Stress on Empathic Accuracy in Romantic Couples
Crenshaw, A. O., Leo, K., & Baucom, B. R. (2019) · Journal of family psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000508 · Cited by 27
Mindfulness and Young Adult Dating Relationship Stability: a Longitudinal Path Analysis
Khaddouma, A., & Gordon, K. C. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0901-8 · Cited by 33
“Internal reliability in the current sample was adequate at both time points of measurement (baseline = .72, 30 days post-baseline = .74) with mean scores comparable to similar non-clinical young adult samples on relationship satisfaction (e.g., corresponding mean of 16.00; Funk and Rogge 2007).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Dyadic Coping in an Eastern European Context
Rusu, P., Hilpert, P., Turliuc, M., & Bodenmann, G. (2016) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1177/0748175616664009 · Cited by 27
“Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI 32; Funk & Rogge, 2007) is a 32-item questionnaire designed to measure how satisfied an individual is within his/her current relationship (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Background
Pathways to romantic relationship success among Chinese young adult couples
Johnson, M. D., Nguyen, L., Anderson, J. R., Liu, W.-L., & Vennum, A. (2015) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407514522899 · Cited by 27
“The 4-item version of the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-4; Funk & Rogge, 2007) was used to assess relationship satisfaction.”
Method
A comparison of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and lidocaine in the treatment of provoked vestibulodynia: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Corsini‐Munt, S., Bergeron, S., Rosen, N. O., Steben, M., Mayrand, M., Delisle, I., McDuff, P., Aerts, L., & Santerre-Baillargeon, M. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-506 · Cited by 33
“which demonstrates strong convergent validity, and high precision and power for detecting distinctions in levels of satisfaction [47].”
Relationship Education for Stepcouples Reporting Relationship Instability—Evaluation of the Smart Steps: Embrace the Journey Curriculum
Lucier‐Greer, M., Adler‐Baeder, F. M., Harcourt, K. T., & Gregson, K. D. (2014) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12069 · Cited by 21
Do Combat Exposure and Post-Deployment Mental Health Influence Intent to Divorce?
Foran, H. M., Wright, K. M., & Wood, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.9.917 · Cited by 23
Computer-Mediated Communication in Intimate Relationships: Associations of Boundary Crossing, Intrusion, Relationship Satisfaction, and Partner Responsiveness.
Norton, A. M., Baptist, J. A., & Hogan, B. (2018) · Journal of Marital & Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12246 · Cited by 27
Measuring “we‐ness” in couple relationships: A social identity approach
Cruwys, T., South, E. I., Halford, W. K., Murray, J. A., & Fladerer, M. P. (2022) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12811 · Cited by 27
“The Couple Satisfaction Index was used to measure relationship satisfaction (CSI; Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method

Authors: Funk, J. L., & Rogge, R. D.
Affiliations: University of Rochester (US)
ORCID: Rogge, Ronald D.
Venue: Journal of Family Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 572-583
ISSN: 0893-3200 (ISSN-L)
1939-1293
DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572
OpenAlex: W2116307289
Cited by: 1,806
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 167 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 19.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Family Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Rochester
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
Keywords: relationship satisfaction, measurement precision, scale development, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, item response theory, convergent validity, construct validity, nomological network, couples
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Tests, Psychological Theory, Internet, Principal Component Analysis

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Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

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