Cited by 1,806Psychometric Methodologies and TestingAttachment and Relationship DynamicsFamily Dynamics and Relationships

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Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

Funk, Janette L., Rogge, Ronald D.·2007·Journal of Family Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572

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Abstract

The present study took a critical look at a central construct in couples research: relationship satisfaction. Eight well-validated self-report measures of relationship satisfaction, including the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT; H. J. Locke & K. M. Wallace, 1959), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; G. B. Spanier, 1976), and an additional 75 potential satisfaction items, were given to 5,315 online participants. Using item response theory, the authors demonstrated that the MAT and DAS provided relatively poor levels of precision in assessing satisfaction, particularly given the length of those scales. Principal-components analysis and item response theory applied to the larger item pool were used to develop the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) scales. Compared with the MAS and the DAS, the CSI scales were shown to have higher precision of measurement (less noise) and correspondingly greater power for detecting differences in levels of satisfaction. The CSI scales demonstrated strong convergent validity with other measures of satisfaction and excellent construct validity with anchor scales from the nomological net surrounding satisfaction, suggesting that they assess the same theoretical construct as do prior scales. Implications for research are discussed.

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Song, C., Buysse, A., Zhang, W., Lu, C., Zhao, M., & Dewaele, A. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01188-z · Cited by 27
The Protective Role of Couple Communication in Moderating Negative Associations Between Financial Stress and Sexual Outcomes for Newlyweds
Wikle, J. S., Leavitt, C. E., Yorgason, J., Dew, J., & Johnson, H. M. (2020) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-020-09728-2 · Cited by 23
Self-Compassion and Compassion Towards One's Partner Mediate the Negative Association Between Insecure Attachment and Relationship Quality
Bolt, O. C., Jones, F. W., Rudaz, M., Ledermann, T., & Irons, C. (2019) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2019.17 · Cited by 25
Relationship Education and HIV Prevention for Young Male Couples Administered Online via Videoconference: Protocol for a National Randomized Controlled Trial of 2GETHER
Newcomb, M. E., Sarno, E. L., Bettin, E., Carey, J., Ciolino, J. D., Hill, R., Garcia, C. P., Macapagal, K. R., Mustanski, B. S., Swann, G., et al. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/15883 · Cited by 29
“✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Couples Satisfaction Index: 4-items [67] Relationship satisfaction”
The Quality of Marriage Index (QMI): a validation study in infertile patients
Maroufizadeh, S., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Amini, P., Sepidarkish, M., & Omani-Samani, R. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4438-2 · Cited by 23
“This instrument has been used among general populations [16, 17], cardiovascular [18], cancer [19], fertile couples [20], military veterans [21], and many of other samples.”
BackgroundMethodResult
Staying Connected: An Examination of Relationship Maintenance Behaviors in Long-Distance Relationships
Belus, J. M., Pentel, K. Z., Cohen, M. J., Fischer, M. S., & Baucom, D. H. (2018) · Marriage & Family Review · doi:10.1080/01494929.2018.1458004 · Cited by 39
“Relationship satisfaction was measured using the couple satisfaction index, 16-item version (CSI-16; Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
BackgroundMethod
The Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) in infertile patients: A reliability and validity study
Maroufizadeh, S., Omani-Samani, R., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Navid, B., Sobati, B., & Amini, P. (2018) · Middle East Fertility Society Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2018.04.001 · Cited by 23
The Impact of Couple HIV Testing and Counseling on Consistent Condom Use Among Pregnant Women and Their Male Partners: An Observational Study
Rosenberg, N. E., Graybill, L. A., Wesevich, A., McGrath, N. M., Golin, C. E., Maman, S., Bhushan, N. L., Tsidya, M., Chimndozi, L., Hoffman, I., et al. (2017) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001398 · Cited by 25
It's About Time! Examining Received Dosage and Program Duration as Predictors of Change Among Non‐Distressed and Distressed Married Couple and Relationship Education Participants
Bradford, A. B., Drean, L., Adler‐Baeder, F. M., Ketring, S. A., & Smith, T. A. (2016) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12209 · Cited by 21
Relational Intimacy Mediates Sexual Outcomes Associated with Impaired Sexual Function: Examination in a Clinical Sample
Witherow, M. P., Chandraiah, S., Seals, S. R., Sarver, D. E., Parisi, K. E., & Bugán, A. (2017) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.671 · Cited by 32
Meanings of Intimacy: A Comparison of Members of Heterosexual and Same‐Sex Couples
Frost, D. M., & Gola, K. A. (2015) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12072 · Cited by 23
Relationship education and marital satisfaction in newlywed couples: A propensity score analysis.
Cobb, R., & Sullivan, K. T. (2015) · Journal of family psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039580 · Cited by 23
Emotional Awareness, Relationship Quality, and Satisfaction in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease and Their Spousal Caregivers
Ricciardi, L., Pomponi, M., Demartini, B., Ricciardi, D., Morabito, B., Bernabei, R., & Bentivoglio, A. (2015) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000342 · Cited by 23
“• The Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI), a scale assessing one's satisfaction in a relationship (Funk and Rogge, 2007).”
Background
Alcohol use and HIV disease management: The impact of individual and partner-level alcohol use among HIV-positive men who have sex with men
Woolf‐King, S. E., Neilands, T. B., Dilworth, S. E., Carrico, A. W., & Johnson, M. O. (2013) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2013.855302 · Cited by 24
Short and long-term effectiveness of couple counselling: a study protocol
Schofield, M., Mumford, N., Jurkovic, D., Jurkovic, I., & Bickerdike, A. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-735 · Cited by 23
“the Marital Adjustment Test, and the DAS) [17], which supports the face validity of the scale.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The impact of psychological flexibility on family dynamics amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal perspective
Daks, J. S., Peltz, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.011 · Cited by 22
“…true”; PHQ-9 = the Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2001) using “not at all” to “nearly every day”; CSI = the Couples Satisfaction Index (Funk & Rogge, 2007) using “not at all” to “completely”; CHAOS = the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (Matheny et al., 1995) using “strongly…”
MethodSelf-citation
Pilot Trial Results of Mlambe: An Economic and Relationship-Strengthening Intervention to Address Heavy Drinking and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi
Conroy, A. A., Hahn, J. A., Neilands, T. B., Darbes, L. A., Tebbetts, S., Mulauzi, N., Mkandawire, J., & Ssewamala, F. M. (2024) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-024-04326-x · Cited by 22
The relationship between parental mental health, reflective functioning coparenting and social emotional development in 0-3 year old children
Palma, M. D., Rooney, R. M., Izett, E., Mancini, V. O., & Kane, R. T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1054723 · Cited by 20
“99) as shown by correlations between the CSI and other validated measures of relationship satisfaction and has been found sensitive to changes in relationship satisfaction (Funk and Rogge, 2007).”
Method
Financial communication as a mediator between financial values and marital outcomes
LeBaron-Black, A. B., Saxey, M. T., Totenhagen, C., Wheeler, B. E., Archuleta, K. L., Yorgason, J., & James, S. L. (2022) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12786 · Cited by 22
Forgiveness and Gratitude: Links Between Couples’ Mindfulness and Sexual and Relational Satisfaction in New Cisgender Heterosexual Marriages
Eyring, J. B., Leavitt, C. E., Allsop, D. B., & Clancy, T. J. (2020) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2020.1842571 · Cited by 36
I “get” you, babe: Reflective functioning in partners transitioning to parenthood
Borelli, J. L., Slade, A., Pettit, C., & Shai, D. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520905641 · Cited by 24
“Participants completed the CSI (RelSat; Funk & Rogge, 2007), an established 32- item measuring relationship satisfaction, administered prenatally (prenatalafathers ¼ 0.92; prenatalamothers ¼ 0.92) and at the 3-month visit (postnatalafathers ¼ 0.95; postnatalamothers ¼ 0.94).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Mental health symptoms and the reintegration difficulty of military couples following deployment: A longitudinal application of the relational turbulence model
Knobloch, L. K., Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., & Yorgason, J. B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22734 · Cited by 32
Measuring Perceived Corporate Hypocrisy: Scale Development in the Context of U.S. Retail Employees
Goswami, S., Ha‐Brookshire, J., & Bonifay, W. E. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10124756 · Cited by 23
“Principal component analysis (PCA), inspecting dimensions’ eigenvalues, ratio of the eigenvalue of the dominant dimension to the eigenvalues of the second and other subsequent dimensions, and the bend or ‘knee’ in scree plots, was conducted to check for and confirm unidimensionality [50,64].”
Black–White Marriages: The Moderating Role of Openness on Experience of Couple Discrimination and Marital Satisfaction
Baptist, J. A., Craig, B., & Nicholson, B. (2018) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12362 · Cited by 26
Effectiveness of the online OurRelationship program for underserved couples.
Salivar, E. G., Roddy, M. K., Nowlan, K. M., & Doss, B. D. (2018) · Couple and Family Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000110 · Cited by 23
“The CSI-4 item (Funk & Rogge, 2007) measures global relationship satisfaction, with scores 13.5 indicating relationship distress.”
BackgroundInfluential
Disentangling the Cycle: Potential Mediators and Moderators in the Intergenerational Transmission of Parent–Child Aggression
Rodriguez, C. M., Silvia, P. J., Gonzalez, S., & Christl, M.-E. (2018) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559518767571 · Cited by 19
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Coach Contact During a Brief Online Intervention for Distressed Couples.
Roddy, M. K., Nowlan, K., & Doss, B. (2017) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12262 · Cited by 22
Integrative Intensive Retreats for Veteran Couples and Families: A Pilot Study Assessing Change in Relationship Adjustment, Posttraumatic Growth, and Trauma Symptoms
Monk, J. K., Oseland, L. M., Goff, B. S. N., Ogolsky, B. G., & Summers, K. (2017) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12230 · Cited by 22
When Receiving Help Hurts
Crockett, E. E., & Neff, L. A. (2012) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612451621 · Cited by 26
“Spouses’ global marital satisfaction was assessed using the 16-item version of the Couples Satisfaction Index (Funk & Rogge, 2007).”
Method

Authors: Funk, J. L., & Rogge, R. D.
Affiliations: University of Rochester (US)
ORCID: Rogge, Ronald D.
Venue: Journal of Family Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 572-583
ISSN: 0893-3200 (ISSN-L)
1939-1293
DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572
OpenAlex: W2116307289
Cited by: 1,806
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 167 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 19.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Family Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Rochester
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
Keywords: relationship satisfaction, measurement precision, scale development, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, item response theory, convergent validity, construct validity, nomological network, couples
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Tests, Psychological Theory, Internet, Principal Component Analysis

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Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

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