Cited by 599Social and Intergroup PsychologyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchNames, Identity, and Discrimination Research

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Why can't we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust.

Dovidio, John F., Gaertner, Samuel E., Kawakami, Kerry, Hodson, Gordon·2002·Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology

DOI 10.1037/1099-9809.8.2.88

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Abstract

The authors review a series of studies that illustrate how one form of contemporary racial bias of Whites, aversive racism, can shape different perspectives of Blacks and Whites in ways that can undermine race relations. This research demonstrates that contemporary racism among Whites is subtle, often unintentional, and unconscious but that its effects are systematically damaging to race relations by fostering miscommunication and distrust. In particular, the authors examine the effects of aversive racism on outcomes for Blacks (e.g., in selection decisions), on the ways that Whites behave in interracial interactions, in the impressions that Whites and Blacks form of each other in these interactions, and on the task efficiency of interracial dyads.

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“In one of the early tests of our framework (Gaertner & Dovidio, 1977), we modeled a situation in the laboratory after a classic study by Darley and Latané (1968) of diffusion of responsibility.”
Method
Downward comparison principles in social psychology
Wills, T. A. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.245 · Cited by 2,705
A model of dual attitudes.
Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.1.101 · Cited by 2,112 · cited 3×
“Implicit and explicit attitudes can influence behavior in different ways and under different conditions (Dovidio & Fazio , 1992; Fazio, 1990; Wilson et al., 2000).”
Background
Multiple Processes by which Attitudes Guide Behavior: The Mode Model as an Integrative Framework
Fazio, R. H. (1990) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60318-4 · Cited by 2,002
Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?
Fazio, R. H., Jackson, J. R., Dunton, B. C., & Williams, C. J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1013 · Cited by 1,793 · cited 1×
“Consistent with the work of other researchers in this area ( Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, & Williams, 1995 ), we have also found evidence in a series of experiments that implicit and explicit attitudes influence different types of race-relevant behaviors of Whites (Dovidio et al., 1997).”
Result
The attribution of attitudes
Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0 · Cited by 1,783 · cited 1×
“Nevertheless, because people tend to overattribute intentionality to another person's actions (Jones & Harris, 1967), Blacks who feel discriminated against will likely assume that the White person's behaviors were motivated by conscious, " oldfashioned " racism.”
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Self-citation

Authors: Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. E., Kawakami, K., & Hodson, G.
Affiliations: Colgate University (US)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Western University (CA)
ORCID: Dovidio, John F.
Kawakami, Kerry
Hodson, Gordon
Venue: Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2002-05
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Pages: 88-102
ISSN: 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
1939-0106
1099-9809
DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.8.2.88
OpenAlex: W2127706681
Cited by: 593
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 47.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Keywords: aversive racism, interracial relations, racial bias, interracial communication, racial stereotypes, implicit bias, hiring decisions, task efficiency
MeSH terms: Black or African American, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Prejudice, Race Relations, Social Perception, United States, White People

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Why can't we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust.

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