Biofeedback-based behavioral treatment for chronic tinnitus: results of a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Many tinnitus sufferers believe that their tinnitus has an organic basis and thus seek medical rather than psychological treatments. Tinnitus has been found to be associated with negative appraisal, dysfunctional attention shift, and heightened psychophysiological arousal, so cognitive-behavioral interventions and biofeedback are commonly suggested as treatments. This study developed and investigated the efficacy of a biofeedback-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for tinnitus. In total, 130 tinnitus patients were randomly assigned to an intervention or a wait-list control group. Treatment consisted of 12 sessions of a biofeedback-based behavioral intervention over a 3-month period. Patients in the wait-list group participated in the treatment after the intervention group had completed the treatment. Results showed clear improvements regarding tinnitus annoyance, diary ratings of loudness, and feelings of controllability. Furthermore, changes in coping cognitions as well as changes in depressive symptoms were found. Improvements were maintained over a 6-month follow-up period in which medium-to-large effect sizes were observed. The treatment developed and investigated in this study is well accepted and leads to clear and stable improvements. Through demonstration of psychophysiological interrelationships, the treatment enables patients to change their somatic illness perceptions to a more psychosomatic point of view.
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Most tinnitus patients tend to attribute their condition to somatic diseases rather than psychological factors, and therefore consider psychological therapy inappropriate, hesitating to seek it.
“Most tinnitus patients tend to attribute their condition to somatic diseases rather than psychological factors, and therefore consider psychological therapy inappropriate, hesitating to seek it (Weise et al., 2008).”
From Research trends and hotspots of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: a bibliometric analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Weise et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Weise, C., Heinecke, K., & Rief, W.
- Affiliations
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1046-1057
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2089532670
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- German Research Foundation (Ri 574/12-1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- chronic tinnitus, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, tinnitus management, tinnitus annoyance, depressive symptoms, perceived controllability, illness perception, treatment efficacy, follow-up maintenance
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Biofeedback, Psychology, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Tinnitus, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Young Adult
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