Cited by 113Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Identity and Representation

Ethnicity and gender in late childhood and early adolescence: Group identity and awareness of bias.

Brown, Christia Spears, Alabi, Basirat O., Huynh, Virginia W., Masten, Carrie L.·2011·Developmental Psychology

Abstract

The current study examined awareness of gender and ethnic bias and gender and ethnic identity in 350 African American, White/European American, and Latino/Hispanic students (Mage = 11.21 years, SD = 1.59) from the 4th, 6th, and 8th grades of diverse middle and elementary schools. The study collected (a) qualitative data to best capture the types of bias that were most salient to children and (b) daily diaries and individual measures to examine the multiple components of children's gender and ethnic identities. Results revealed ethnic, gender, and grade-level differences in awareness of ethnic and gender bias. Overall, more children were aware of gender bias than ethnic bias. This effect was most pronounced among White/European American youths. Among those in 4th grade, African American and Latino youths were more likely to be aware of ethnic bias than were White/European American youths. Analyses also examined how awareness of bias was related to gender and ethnic identity. For example, children who had a salient and important gender identity, and a devalued ethnic identity, were less likely than other children to be aware of ethnic bias.

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Crossref · 10.1037/a0021819

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Authors
Brown, C. S., Alabi, B. O., Huynh, V. W., & Masten, C. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Kentucky (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Published
2011-03
Volume
47
Issue
2
Pages
463-471
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
OpenAlex
W2020838503
Cited by
113
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI
22.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Cultural Identity and Representation
Keywords
ethnic identity, gender identity, ethnic prejudice, gender bias, group identity, late childhood, early adolescence, African American children, Latino children, identity salience, daily diary
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Age Factors, Awareness, Black or African American, Child, Child Development, Ethnicity, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Self Concept, Social Identification, Bias, White People

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