The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mapping the moral domain.
Open accessAbstract
The moral domain is broader than the empathy and justice concerns assessed by existing measures of moral competence, and it is not just a subset of the values assessed by value inventories. To fill the need for reliable and theoretically grounded measurement of the full range of moral concerns, we developed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire on the basis of a theoretical model of 5 universally available (but variably developed) sets of moral intuitions: Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. We present evidence for the internal and external validity of the scale and the model, and in doing so we present new findings about morality: (a) Comparative model fitting of confirmatory factor analyses provides empirical justification for a 5-factor structure of moral concerns; (b) convergent/discriminant validity evidence suggests that moral concerns predict personality features and social group attitudes not previously considered morally relevant; and (c) we establish pragmatic validity of the measure in providing new knowledge and research opportunities concerning demographic and cultural differences in moral intuitions. These analyses provide evidence for the usefulness of Moral Foundations Theory in simultaneously increasing the scope and sharpening the resolution of psychological views of morality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“MFQ scores have been shown to vary between cultures (Graham et al., 2011) and between social groups within a single culture (Graham et al., 2009).”
From Exploring the psychology of LLMs’ moral and legal reasoning (2024) · cites this paper as Graham et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“When these three distance metrics were applied to our sample of self-reported GPT liberals, we found that first, according to each of the three distance metrics, self-reported GPT liberals had a lower distance to the human liberal sample and a higher distance to the human conservative sample than did the self-reported GPT conservatives.”
From Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model (2024) · cites this paper as Graham et al. (2011)
In the citing paper
“Just like for self-reported GPT conservatives, the two human samples furthest away from the self-reported GPT liberals were always the liberal sample (furthest away from with respect to cosine similarity metric) and the libertarian sample (furthest away with respect to the L1 and L2 distance metrics).”
From Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model (2024) · cites this paper as Graham et al. (2011)
In the citing paper
“Also, the L1 distance metric found that self-reported GPT liberals were – among human liberals, human moderates, human conservatives, and human libertarians – closest in response to human conservatives.”
From Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model (2024) · cites this paper as Graham et al. (2011)
In the citing paper
“The second, arguably more surprising finding was that according to each of the three distance metrics, our sample of self-reported GPT liberals were still closer to the human conservative sample than it was to the human liberal sample.”
From Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model (2024) · cites this paper as Graham et al. (2011)
In the citing paper
“All three distance metrics found our sample of self-reported GPT conservatives to be most similar to conservative participants of Graham et al. (2011). This was always followed relatively closely by the moderate sample. The two furthest away were always the liberal sample (furthest away with respect to cosine similarity metric) and the libertarian sample (furthest away with respect to the L1 and L”
From Diminished diversity-of-thought in a standard large language model (2024) · cites this paper as Graham et al. (2011)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bhagat, R. S., & Hofstede, G. (2002) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2002.7389951 · Cited by 21,688
Schwartz, S. H. (1992) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6 · Cited by 14,619
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317 · cited 1×
“Second, we wanted to supplement the abstract relevance assessments—which, as selftheories about how one makes moral judgments, may be inaccurate with regard to actual moral judgments (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977)—with contextualized items that could more directly gauge actual moral judgments.”
BackgroundThe Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism
Trivers, R. L. (1971) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/406755 · Cited by 11,010
In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory And Women's Development
Gilligan, & Carol, C. (1982) · Cited by 10,877
(1976) · Cited by 10,423
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005) · University of Massachusetts Amherst · doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868 · Cited by 10,297
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
Davis, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113 · Cited by 10,272
(1973) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,144
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 91 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Haidt J Kesebir S Fiske ST Gilbert D Lindzey G Morality Handbook of Social Psychology 2010 5th Edition Hoboken, NJ Wiley 797 832
- Hofstede G Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations 2001 New York Sage Publications
- James W Pragmatism: A new name for some old ways of thinking and The Meaning of Truth 1907/1998 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press
- Mill JS On liberty 1859/2003 New Haven, CT Yale University Press
- Singer P Practical ethics 1979 Cambridge Cambridge University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S. P., Motyl, M. S., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4 · Cited by 1,966
Self-citationHo, A. K., Sidanius, J., Kteily, N., Sheehy-Skeffington, J. A., Pratto, F., Henkel, K. E., Foels, R., & Stewart, A. L. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000033 · Cited by 1,291
Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality
Gray, K., Young, L., & Waytz, A. (2012) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2012.651387 · Cited by 1,008
Is It Good to Cooperate? Testing the Theory of Morality-as-Cooperation in 60 Societies
Curry, O. S., Mullins, D., & Whitehouse, H. (2019) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/701478 · Cited by 782
Understanding Libertarian Morality: The Psychological Dispositions of Self-Identified Libertarians
Iyer, R., Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Ditto, P. H., & Haidt, J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042366 · Cited by 781
Self-citationTracing the threads: How five moral concerns (especially Purity) help explain culture war attitudes
Koleva, S. P., Graham, J., Iyer, R., Ditto, P. H., & Haidt, J. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.01.006 · Cited by 682
Self-citationA mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by partner choice
Baumard, N., André, J., & Sperber, D. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x11002202 · Cited by 702
The Theory of Dyadic Morality: Reinventing Moral Judgment by Redefining Harm
Schein, C., & Gray, K. J. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868317698288 · Cited by 724
Personality Traits and Personal Values: A Meta-Analysis
Parks-Leduc, L., Feldman, G., & Bardi, A. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314538548 · Cited by 622
Hofmann, W., Wisneski, D. C., Brandt, M. J., & Skitka, L. J. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251560 · Cited by 575
Corporate social responsibility as a source of employee satisfaction
Bauman, C. W., & Skitka, L. J. (2012) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.002 · Cited by 612
Concept Creep: Psychology's Expanding Concepts of Harm and Pathology
Haslam, N. (2016) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2016.1082418 · Cited by 538
Getting Liberals and Conservatives to Go Green: Political Ideology and Congruent Appeals
Kidwell, B., Farmer, A., & Hardesty, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/670610 · Cited by 504
Vuong, Q., Bui, Q.-K., La, V., Vuong, T., Nguyen, V.-H. T., Ho, M., Nguyen, H. T., & Ho, T. M. (2018) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-018-0189-2 · Cited by 449
Beyond sacrificial harm: a two-dimensional model of utilitarian psychology
Kahane, G., Everett, J. A. C., Earp, B. D., Caviola, L., Faber, N. S., Crockett, M. J., & Savulescu, J. (2018) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000093 · Cited by 434
Ellemers, N., van der Toorn, J., Paunov, Y., & van Leeuwen, T. N. (2019) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868318811759 · Cited by 469
The 12 Item Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (SECS)
Everett, J. A. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082131 · Cited by 452
Does moral identity effectively predict moral behavior?: A meta-analysis
Hertz, S. G., & Krettenauer, T. (2016) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000062 · Cited by 401
Boer, D., & Fischer, R. D. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0031347 · Cited by 427
Lin, S., & Niu, H. (2018) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2233 · Cited by 383
On the Importance of Being Moral: The Distinctive Role of Morality in Social Judgment
Brambilla, M., & Leach, C. W. (2014) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2014.32.4.397 · Cited by 379
Hitlin, S., & Vaisey, S. (2013) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145628 · Cited by 388
Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215607842 · Cited by 399
Moral Support: How Moral Values Shape Foreign Policy Attitudes
Kertzer, J. D., Powers, K. E., Rathbun, B. C., & Iyer, R. (2014) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381614000073 · Cited by 370
Self-citationEveryday Consequences of Analytic Thinking
Pennycook, G., Fugelsang, J. A., & Koehler, D. J. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721415604610 · Cited by 384
Clifford, S., Iyengar, V., Cabeza, R. E. L., & Sinnott-Armstrong, W. P. (2015) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0551-2 · Cited by 393
Morality beyond the WEIRD: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures.
Atari, M., Haidt, J., Graham, J., Koleva, S. P., Stevens, S. T., & Dehghani, M. (2023) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000470 · Cited by 405
Self-citationAssociation of moral values with vaccine hesitancy
Amin, A. B., Bednarczyk, R. A., Ray, C. E., Melchiori, K. J., Graham, J., Huntsinger, J. R., & Omer, S. B. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0256-5 · Cited by 361
Self-citationUnderstanding (and Reducing) Inaction on Climate Change
Hornsey, M. J., & Fielding, K. S. (2019) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12058 · Cited by 381
Teachers' AI-TPACK: exploring the relationship between knowledge elements
Ning, Y., Zhang, C., Xu, B., Zhou, Y., & Wijaya, T. T. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16030978 · Cited by 330
The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns
Grossmann, I., Weststrate, N. M., Ardelt, M., Brienza, J. P., Dong, M., Ferrari, M., Fournier, M. A., Hu, C. S., Nusbaum, H. C., & Vervaeke, J. (2020) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2020.1750917 · Cited by 330
MTurk Character Misrepresentation: Assessment and Solutions
Sharpe Wessling, K., Huber, J., & Netzer, O. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucx053 · Cited by 330
Are liars ethical? On the tension between benevolence and honesty
Levine, E. E., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.03.005 · Cited by 347
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., & Haidt, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050092 · Cited by 369
Self-citationThe myth of harmless wrongs in moral cognition: Automatic dyadic completion from sin to suffering.
Gray, K. J., Schein, C., & Ward, A. F. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0036149 · Cited by 332
Moral reframing: A technique for effective and persuasive communication across political divides
Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2019) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12501 · Cited by 302
Moral character in the workplace.
Cohen, T. R., Panter, A. T., Turan, N., Morse, L., & Kim, Y. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037245 · Cited by 327
Backer, C. J. S. D., & Hudders, L. (2014) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.08.011 · Cited by 316
An occasion for unselfing: Beautiful nature leads to prosociality
Zhang, J. W., Piff, P. K., Iyer, R., Koleva, S. P., & Keltner, D. J. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.11.008 · Cited by 322
Self-citationMorality as Cooperation: A Problem-Centred Approach
Curry, O. S. (2016) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19671-8_2 · Cited by 293
Public division about climate change rooted in conflicting socio-political identities
Bliuc, A.-M., McGarty, C., Thomas, E. F., Lala, G., Berndsen, M., & Misajon, R. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2507 · Cited by 284
Kugler, M. B., Jost, J. T., & Noorbaloochi, S. (2014) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-014-0223-5 · Cited by 303
The whistleblower's dilemma and the fairness–loyalty tradeoff
Waytz, A. G., Dungan, J. A., & Young, L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.07.002 · Cited by 295
Taking Foreign Policy Personally: Personal Values and Foreign Policy Attitudes
Rathbun, B. C., Kertzer, J. D., Reifler, J., Goren, P., & Scotto, T. J. (2016) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqv012 · Cited by 279
Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Iyer, R. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.013 · Cited by 294
Self-citationEthical leadership: Mapping the terrain for concept cleanup and a future research agenda
Banks, G. C., Fischer, T., Gooty, J., & Stock, G. (2021) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101471 · Cited by 260
Janoff‐Bulman, R., & Carnes, N. C. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313480274 · Cited by 287
Trust predicts COVID-19 prescribed and discretionary behavioral intentions in 23 countries
Pagliaro, S., Sacchi, S., Pacilli, M. G., Brambilla, M., Lionetti, F., Bettache, K., Bianchi, M., Biella, M., Bonnot, V., Boza, M., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248334 · Cited by 270
Ståhl, T., & van Prooijen, J.-W. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.026 · Cited by 245
How Moral Migration Geographically Segregates and Polarizes Groups
Motyl, M. S., Iyer, R., Oishi, S., Trawalter, S., & Nosek, B. A. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.10.010 · Cited by 259
Self-citationShifting Liberal and Conservative Attitudes Using Moral Foundations Theory
Day, M. V., Fiske, S. T., Downing, E. L., & Trail, T. E. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214551152 · Cited by 261
The Moral Dyad: A Fundamental Template Unifying Moral Judgment
Gray, K. J., Waytz, A. G., & Young, L. (2012) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2012.686247 · Cited by 256
I'm Moral, but I Won't Help You: The Distinct Roles of Empathy and Justice in Donations
Lee, S., Winterich, K. P., & Ross, W. T. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/677226 · Cited by 236
Curry, O. S., Jones Chesters, M., & Van Lissa, C. J. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.10.008 · Cited by 235
Brandt, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031751 · Cited by 248
Cultural Psychology: Beyond East and West
Kitayama, S., & Salvador, C. E. (2023) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333 · Cited by 249
Persuasion for Good: Towards a Personalized Persuasive Dialogue System for Social Good
Wang, X., Shi, W., Kim, R., Oh, Y., Yang, S., Zhang, J., & Yu, Z. (2019) · Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.18653/v1/p19-1566 · Cited by 222
Global Human Identification and Citizenship: A Review of Psychological Studies
McFarland, S. G., Hackett, J. D., Hamer, K., Katzarska-Miller, I. I., Malsch, A. M., Reese, G., & Reysen, S. (2019) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12572 · Cited by 236
Cultural differences in moral judgment and behavior, across and within societies
Graham, J., Meindl, P., Beall, E., Johnson, K. M., & Zhang, L. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.007 · Cited by 220
Self-citationBiasing moral decisions by exploiting the dynamics of eye gaze
Pärnamets, P., Johansson, P., Hall, L., Balkenius, C., Spivey, M. J., & Richardson, D. C. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1415250112 · Cited by 230
Moralized Leadership: The Construction and Consequences of Ethical Leader Perceptions
Fehr, R., Yam, K. C., & Dang, C. T. (2014) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2013.0358 · Cited by 249
Schein, C., & Gray, K. J. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215591501 · Cited by 238
Atran, S. (2016) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/685495 · Cited by 238
Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility: The role of CSR domains
Baskentli, S., Sen, S., Du, S., & Bhattacharya, C. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.046 · Cited by 236
Moral foundations and political orientation: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kivikangas, J. M., Fernández‐Castilla, B., Järvelä, S., Ravaja, N., & Lönnqvist, J. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000308 · Cited by 243
How Words Do the Work of Politics: Moral Foundations Theory and the Debate over Stem Cell Research
Clifford, S., & Jerit, J. (2013) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381613000492 · Cited by 229
Valuing myself over others: The Dark Triad traits and moral and social values
Jonason, P. K., Strosser, G. L., Kroll, C. H., Duineveld, J. J., & Baruffi, S. A. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.045 · Cited by 230
Winterich, K. P., Zhang, Y., & Mittal, V. (2012) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.05.002 · Cited by 223
Ideology Justifies Morality: Political Beliefs Predict Moral Foundations
Hatemi, P., Crabtree, C. D., & Smith, K. B. (2019) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12448 · Cited by 225
Investigating right wing authoritarianism with a very short authoritarianism scale
Bizumic, B., & Duckitt, J. (2018) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v6i1.835 · Cited by 204
A Constructionist Review of Morality and Emotions
Cameron, C. D., Lindquist, K. A., & Gray, K. J. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314566683 · Cited by 220
Hopp, F. R., Fisher, J. T., Cornell, D., Huskey, R., & Weber, R. (2020) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-020-01433-0 · Cited by 236
Moral psychology for the twenty-first century
Haidt, J. (2013) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/03057240.2013.817327 · Cited by 221
Self-citationFederico, C. M., Weber, C. R., Ergun, D., & Hunt, C. V. (2013) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12006 · Cited by 208
Smith, K. B., Alford, J. R., Hibbing, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Hatemi, P. (2016) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12255 · Cited by 209
Enke, B. (2020) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/708857 · Cited by 208
The primacy of morality in impression development: Theory, research, and future directions
Brambilla, M., Sacchi, S., Rusconi, P., & Goodwin, G. P. (2021) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.03.001 · Cited by 188
Moral Foundations and Heterogeneity in Ideological Preferences
Weber, C. R., & Federico, C. M. (2012) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00922.x · Cited by 186
Why are conservatives more punitive than liberals? A moral foundations approach.
Silver, J. R., & Silver, E. (2017) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1037/lhb0000232 · Cited by 193
Situational Moral Disengagement: Can the Effects of Self-Interest be Mitigated?
Kish-Gephart, J. J., Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., Baker, V. L., & Martín, S. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1909-6 · Cited by 185
The Development of Social Categorization
Rhodes, M., & Baron, A. S. (2019) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084824 · Cited by 201
Moral character: What it is and what it does
Cohen, T. R., & Morse, L. (2014) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2014.08.003 · Cited by 196
The role of analytic thinking in moral judgements and values
Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Barr, N., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2014) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546783.2013.865000 · Cited by 170
Understanding the process of moralization: How eating meat becomes a moral issue.
Feinberg, M., Kovacheff, C., Teper, R., & Inbar, Y. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000149 · Cited by 188
Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2020) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500007439 · Cited by 183
Pohling, R., Bzdok, D., Eigenstetter, M., Stumpf, S., & Strobel, A. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2569-5 · Cited by 186
Purity homophily in social networks.
Dehghani, M., JOHNSON, K., Hoover, J., Sagi, E., Garten, J., Parmar, N., Vaisey, S., Iliev, R. I., & Graham, J. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000139 · Cited by 167
Self-citationSmith, I. H., Aquino, K. F., Koleva, S. P., & Graham, J. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614534450 · Cited by 172
Self-citationWhen and Why We See Victims as Responsible
Niemi, L., & Young, L. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216653933 · Cited by 169
Attributions of morality and mind to artificial intelligence after real-world moral violations
Shank, D. B., & DeSanti, A. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.014 · Cited by 170
The cognitive and cultural foundations of moral behavior
Purzycki, B. G., Pisor, A. C., Apicella, C. L., Atkinson, Q. D., Cohen, E. E. A., Henrich, J., McElreath, R. L., McNamara, R. A., Norenzayan, A., Willard, A. K., et al. (2018) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.04.004 · Cited by 162
Impure or Just Weird? Scenario Sampling Bias Raises Questions About the Foundation of Morality
Gray, K. J., & Keeney, J. E. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550615592241 · Cited by 165
Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior from Guilt Proneness
Cohen, T. R., Panter, A. T., & Turan, N. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1326-2 · Cited by 165
What We Owe to Family: The Impact of Special Obligations on Moral Judgment
McManus, R. M., Max Kleiman-weiner, A., & Young, L. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797619900321 · Cited by 159
Polarization in America: two possible futures
Heltzel, G., & Laurin, K. (2020) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.03.008 · Cited by 165
Higgins, E. T., & Cornwell, J. F. M. (2016) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.04.005 · Cited by 161
The role of a “common is moral” heuristic in the stability and change of moral norms.
Lindström, B., Jangard, S., Selbing, I., & Olsson, A. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000365 · Cited by 162
Human and Nature‐Caused Hazards: The Affect Heuristic Causes Biased Decisions
Siegrist, M., & Sütterlin, B. (2014) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.12179 · Cited by 157
Regional variation in pathogen prevalence predicts endorsement of group-focused moral concerns
van Leeuwen, F., Park, J. H., Koenig, B. L., & Graham, J. (2012) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.12.005 · Cited by 154
Self-citationThe psychology of whistleblowing
Dungan, J. A., Waytz, A. G., & Young, L. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.005 · Cited by 158
Metadata
- Authors
- Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 366-385
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- PMC
- PMC3116962
- OpenAlex
- W2096910467
- Cited by
- 2,666
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 169 · 2025: 254 · 2024: 245 · 2023: 242 · 2022: 269 · 2021: 245 · 2020: 212 · 2019: 215 · 2018: 174 · 2017: 157 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 37.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute of Education Sciences
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH68447)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Values and Moral Education
- Keywords
- moral foundations, Moral Foundations Questionnaire, moral intuitions, harm/care, ingroup loyalty, moral competence, empathy, justice, personality traits, cultural differences in morality, cross-cultural comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Morals, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Values, Reproducibility of Results, Intuition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
