Racial/ethnic differences in the criterion-related validity of cognitive ability tests: A qualitative and quantitative review.

Berry, Christopher M.; Clark, Malissa A.; McClure, Tara K.

doi:10.1037/a0023222

Cited by 99Cognitive Abilities and TestingPsychometric Methodologies and TestingMedical Education and Admissions

Racial/ethnic differences in the criterion-related validity of cognitive ability tests: A qualitative and quantitative review.

Berry, Christopher M., Clark, Malissa A., McClure, Tara K.·2011·Journal of Applied Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0023222

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Abstract

The correlation between cognitive ability test scores and performance was separately meta-analyzed for Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White racial/ethnic subgroups. Compared to the average White observed correlation ( = .33, N = 903,779), average correlations were lower for Black samples ( = .24, N = 112,194) and Hispanic samples ( = .30, N = 51,205) and approximately equal for Asian samples ( = .33, N = 80,705). Despite some moderating effects (e.g., type of performance criterion, decade of data collection, job complexity), validity favored White over Black and Hispanic test takers in almost all conditions that included a sizable number of studies. Black-White validity comparisons were possible both across and within the 3 broad domains that use cognitive ability tests for high-stakes selection and placement: civilian employment, educational admissions, and the military. The trend of lower Black validity was repeated in each domain; however, average Black-White validity differences were largest in military studies and smallest in educational and employment studies. Further investigation of the reasons for these validity differences is warranted.

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Can racial/ethnic subgroup criterion‐to‐test standard deviation ratios account for conflicting differential validity and differential prediction evidence for cognitive ability tests?
Berry, C. M., Barratt, C. L., Dovalina, C. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12036 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Role of Range Restriction and Criterion Contamination in Assessing Differential Validity by Race/Ethnicity
Berry, C. M., Sackett, P. R., & Sund, A. E. (2012) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-012-9284-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Racial subgroup differences in predictive validity perceptions on personality and cognitive ability tests.
Chan, D. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.311 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Updating the trainability tests literature on Black–White subgroup differences and reconsidering criterion-related validity.
Roth, P. L., Buster, M. A., & Bobko, P. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020923 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Authors: Berry, C. M., Clark, M. A., & McClure, T. K.
Affiliations: Texas A&M University (US)
Auburn University (US)
ORCID: Berry, Christopher M.
Clark, Malissa A.
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2011-09
Volume: 96
Issue: 5
Pages: 881-906
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/a0023222
OpenAlex: W2038919182
Cited by: 99
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 9.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Medical Education and Admissions
Keywords: criterion validity, cognitive ability tests, racial and ethnic differences, military personnel selection, civilian employment, job complexity, performance standards
MeSH terms: Aptitude Tests, Cognition, Ethnicity, Humans, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Racial Groups

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Racial/ethnic differences in the criterion-related validity of cognitive ability tests: A qualitative and quantitative review.

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