Warmth and competence: stereotype content issues for clinicians and researchers
Open accessAbstract
Stereotypes are often accidents of history, based on passing configurations of groups' societal interdependence and status. This article overviews our framework for understanding all this: the Stereotype Content Model, focused on two fundamental dimension of intergroup and interpersonal cognition, perceived warmth (from interdependence) and perceived competence (from relative status); then it discusses immigrant images as a case study; next, the article focuses on the toxic and potentially curative effects of each dimension.
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The stereotype content model used two similar axes to describe how we evaluate individuals in our social environment: an axis of warmth and an axis of competence.
“The stereotype content model (Fiske, 2012) used two similar axes to describe how we evaluate individuals in our social environment: an axis of warmth, our perception of the intentions of others, and an axis of competence, our perception of others’ ability to act on their intentions.”
From A map for social navigation in the human brain (2015) · cites this paper as Fiske, 2012
Two main factors define social relationships: power and affiliation.
“Theories in social psychology and experimental evidence across species identify two main factors that define social relationships: power (competence, dominance, hierarchy, etc.) and affiliation (warmth, intimacy, trustworthiness, love, etc.).”
From A map for social navigation in the human brain (2015) · cites this paper as Fiske, 2012
Social theories suggest that the interaction between power and affiliation, rather than each factor separately, is the major determinant of social perception.
“Social theories (Fiske, 2012; Todorov et al., 2008; Wiggins et al., 1989), however, suggest that the interaction between power and affiliation, rather than each factor separately, is the major determinant of social perception.”
From A map for social navigation in the human brain (2015) · cites this paper as Fiske, 2012
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- Authors
- Fiske, S. T.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fiske, Susan T.
- ORCID
- Fiske, Susan T.
- Venue
- Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-20
- ISSN
- 0708-5591 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-7304
- PMC
- PMC3801417
- OpenAlex
- W2048569028
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 23.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD047879)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- stereotype content model, perceived warmth, perceived competence, intergroup cognition, interpersonal cognition, interdependence, relative status, stereotypes, social status, intergroup relations
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