Driven by fear: The effect of success and failure information on passionate individuals' performance.
Abstract
Four studies investigated the impact of success and failure information on passionate individuals' performance. Obsessive passion, characterized by a rigid and defensive mode of functioning, predicted greater performance in domains both related and unrelated to the passionate activity in response to exposure to failure information. Conversely, harmonious passion, characterized by a flexible, nondefensive mode of functioning, was found to be unaffected by success or failure information. These performance effects were deeply ingrained, did not require conscious thought, and were automatically activated after unconscious exposure to failure-related words. In addition, the present research evinced that following failure information, obsessive passion predicted increases of performance through its effect on fear of failure. However, performance augmented only when the performance task was framed in such a way that failure would entail important negative consequences for the self and not when framed as inconsequential.
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Bélanger and colleagues found that university students randomly assigned to an induction of harmonious passion reported more use of adaptive learning strategies than those assigned to an induction of obsessive passion.
“Employing it, these authors found that university students randomly assigned to an induction of harmonious passion 1 reported more use of adaptive learning strategies (e.g., 'I usually call friends in my class and we quiz each other') than those assigned to an induction of obsessive passion 2 .”
From The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review of a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Bélanger et al., 2013a
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- Authors
- Bélanger, J. J., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., Vallerand, R. J., & Kruglanski, A. W.
- Affiliations
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 180-195
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2139817599
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 11.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- obsessive passion, harmonious passion, performance, fear of failure, automatic activation, unconscious priming, task framing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Obsessive Behavior, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Task Performance and Analysis, Single-Blind Method, Young Adult
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