Cited by 231Personality Traits and PsychologyEmployment and Welfare StudiesPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

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Personality change following unemployment.

Boyce, Christopher J., Wood, Alex M., Daly, Michael, Sedikides, Constantine·2015·Journal of Applied Psychology

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Abstract

Unemployment has a strongly negative influence on well-being, but it is unclear whether it also alters basic personality traits. Whether personality changes arise through natural maturation processes or contextual/environmental factors is still a matter of debate. Unemployment, a relatively unexpected and commonly occurring life event, may shed light on the relevance of context for personality change. We examined, using a latent change model, the influence of unemployment on the five-factor model of personality in a sample of 6,769 German adults, who completed personality measures at 2 time points 4 years apart. All participants were employed at the first time point, and a subset became unemployed over the course of the study. By the second time point, participants had either remained in employment, been unemployed from 1 to 4 years, or had experienced some unemployment but become reemployed. Compared with those who had remained in employment, unemployed men and women experienced significant patterns of change in their mean levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, whereas reemployed individuals experienced limited change. The results indicate that unemployment has wider psychological implications than previously thought. In addition, the results are consistent with the view that personality changes as a function of contextual and environmental factors.

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Authors: Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., Daly, M., & Sedikides, C.
Affiliations: University of Stirling (GB)
University of Southampton (GB)
ORCID: Boyce, Christopher J.
Wood, Alex M.
Daly, Michael
Sedikides, Constantine
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2015
Volume: 100
Issue: 4
Pages: 991-1011
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/a0038647
OpenAlex: W2128222599
Cited by: 231
References: 143
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12
FWCI: 29.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders: Economic and Social Research Council (PTA-026-27-2665, ES/K00588X/1)
University of Stirling
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: unemployment, personality change, Big Five personality traits, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, life events, reemployment, latent change models
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Unemployment, Young Adult

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Personality change following unemployment.

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