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Voice-only communication enhances empathic accuracy
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
This research tests the prediction that voice-only communication increases empathic accuracy over communication across senses. We theorized that people often intentionally communicate their feelings and internal states through the voice, and as such, voice-only communication allows perceivers to focus their attention on the channel of communication most active and accurate in conveying emotions to others. We used 5 experiments to test this hypothesis (N = 1,772), finding that voice-only communication elicits higher rates of empathic accuracy relative to vision-only and multisense communication both while engaging in interactions and perceiving emotions in recorded interactions of strangers. Experiments 4 and 5 reveal that voice-only communication is particularly likely to enhance empathic accuracy through increasing focused attention on the linguistic and paralinguistic vocal cues that accompany speech. Overall, the studies question the primary role of the face in communication of emotion, and offer new insights for improving emotion recognition accuracy in social interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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“There are even circumstances under which observers may be more accurate when hearing a communicator speak than when hearing and seeing her [7].”
From Two social lives: how differences between online and offline interaction influence social outcomes (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kraus, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kraus, Michael W.
- ORCID
- Kraus, Michael W.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 644-654
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2762093149
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 27
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Keywords
- empathic accuracy, emotion perception, multisensory communication, paralinguistic cues, vocal cues, attentional focus, emotion recognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Empathy, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Social Perception, Speech, Voice
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