The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A stimulus-response analysis of anxiety and its role as a reinforcing agent.
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“Mowrer's[9] two-factor theory of fear and avoidance provided an influential framework for understanding the etiology of OCD that inspired the development of behavioral treatments for the disorder, including ERP.”
From Exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review and new directions (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
The goal-gradient hypothesis and maze learning.
Hull, C. L. (1932) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0072640 · Cited by 593
Landis, C., & Hunt, W. A. (1939) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 484
(1937) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1937.02780170078033 · Cited by 472
Preparatory set (expectancy)—a determinant in motivation and learning.
Mowrer, O. H. (1938) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0060829 · Cited by 153
Self-citationPreparatory set (expectancy) - some methods of measurement.
Mowrer, O. H. (1940) · The Psychological Monographs · doi:10.1037/h0093469 · Cited by 116
Self-citationRecent advances in some concepts of conditioning.
Culler, E. (1938) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0057483 · Cited by 56
Experimental Studies on the Growth of the Emotions
Watson, J. B. (1925) · The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/08856559.1925.10534071 · Cited by 28
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(2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.002.0008
Understanding Exposure and Ritual Prevention (EX/RP) Therapy for OCD
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0009
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0008
Sample Self-Monitoring Form (partially filled out)
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0040
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0041
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Some Facts
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0002
Therapist Exposure Recording Form
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0011
Patient Rules for Ritual Prevention
Foa, E. B., Yadin, E., & Lichner, T. K. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195335286.005.0012
Situative Determinanten des Verhaltens
Beckmann, J., & Heckhausen, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69368-1_4
Entwicklungslinien der Motivationsforschung
Heckhausen, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69368-1_2
Historical Trends in Motivation Research
Heckhausen, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87947-0_2
Dillon, D., Lumagbas, P., & Lee, K.-A. (2025) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2025.2557659
“As fearful stimuli tend to evoke negative emotions, their avoidance would alleviate the negative emotions they provoke (Mowrer, 1939).”
Liu, P., & Shao, Z. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-06-2025-1223
van Meurs, & Gregory, B. D. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Realism of fears and children's animistic thinking
Tschanz, E. L. (1971) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-2560
Greening, K. (2011) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Day, A., Kelloway, E. K., & Gilbert, S. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-68123-925-520251003
Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Behavioral Sciences
Miller, C. O. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13315-1_6
Gurell, M. (., & Ortiz, C. (2026) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2026.02.003
¿QUÉ ES LA ANSIEDAD? ALCANCE CONCEPTUAL Y RETOS DEL PROFESIONAL
Escobar, A. G. M., Rivera, J. L. B., & Hernández, J. P. (2025) · Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala · doi:10.22402/repi.2025.28.02.08
Uguz, B. (2026) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1907561
Medial prefrontal cortex encodes but is not required to generate goal-directed actions under threatPreprint
Sajid, M. S., Zhou, J., & Castro‐Alamancos, M. A. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110964.1
Chereau, V., & Underwood, B. R. (2026) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-026-03226-9
“The former is based on Mowrer’s two-factor theory of avoidance and fear (Mowrer 1939).”
Extinction of an Instrumentally Conditioned Avoidance Response in High and Low Anxiety Subjects
Gillette, A. P. (1970) · Loyola eCommons (Loyola University of Chicago)
Complete List of Author’s Publications
Mowrer, O. H. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3650-1_16
Self-citationAnxiety level of graduate students in social work
Kouidou-Giles, S. (2000) · doi:10.15760/etd.1416
(2009) · PubMed · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Mowrer, O. H.
- Corresponding author
- Mowrer, O. H.
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1939-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 553-565
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2155754133
- Cited by
- 728
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anxiety, reinforcement, operant conditioning
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