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Optimal time lags in panel studies.

Dormann, Christian, Griffin, Mark A.·2015·Psychological Methods

DOI 10.1037/met0000041

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Abstract

Cross-lagged regression coefficients are frequently used to test hypotheses in panel designs. However, these coefficients have particular properties making them difficult to interpret. In particular, cross-lagged regression coefficients may vary, depending on the respective time lags between different sets of measurement occasions. This article introduces the concept of an optimal time lag. Further, it is demonstrated that optimal time lags in panel studies are related to the stabilities of the variables investigated, and that in unidirectional systems, they may be unrelated to the size of possible true effects. The results presented also suggest that optimal time lags for panel designs are usually quite short. Implications are (a) that interpreting cross-lagged regression coefficients requires taking the time lag between measurement occasions into account, and (b) that in much research, far shorter time lags than those frequently found in the literature are justifiable, and we call for more "shortitudinal" studies in the future.

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Authors: Dormann, C., & Griffin, M. A.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
The University of Western Australia (AU)
ORCID: Dormann, Christian
Griffin, Mark A.
Venue: Psychological Methods
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2015
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 489-505
ISSN: 1082-989X (ISSN-L)
1939-1463
DOI: 10.1037/met0000041
OpenAlex: W2411399476
Cited by: 856
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 176 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 3
FWCI: 22.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Methods (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (acceptedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: panel survey
MeSH terms: Child, Depression, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Regression Analysis, Research Design, Time Factors, Models, Statistical

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