The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem.
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook, provide abundant social comparison opportunities. Given the widespread use of SNSs, the purpose of the present set of studies was to examine the impact of chronic and temporary exposure to social media-based social comparison information on self-este
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014) suggest that the extent of upward social comparisons on Facebook is greater than the extent of downward social comparisons and that upward social comparisons on social media may diminish self-esteem.”
From Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention (2019) · cites this paper as Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014)
In the citing paper
“Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014) suggest that the extent of upward social comparisons on Facebook is greater than the extent of downward social comparisons and that upward social comparisons on social media may diminish self-esteem.”
From Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention (2019) · cites this paper as Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014)
In the citing paper
“Social media may also contribute to social comparison, potentially lowering self-esteem [8].”
From Long-Term Consequences of Time Spent on Social Media in Adolescence on Mental Health in Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study From Sweden. (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Societal expectations often pressure young males to maintain emotional stoicism, discouraging them from seeking support. This reluctance can lead to increased social withdrawal and contribute to depressive symptoms [43].”
From The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, frequent engagement with appearance-focused content can exacerbate self-consciousness and social withdrawal, worsening anxiety in social situations [43].”
From The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“This self-reported questionnaire was adapted from the Facebook usage questionnaire in Vogel et al. (2014) and consists of 5 items (Cronbach’s alpha (α) = 0.87)”
From The associations between social comparison on social media and young adults’ mental health (2025) · cites this paper as Vogel et al. (2014)
In the citing paper
“Studies have consistently shown that frequent use of SNSs is linked to an increase in these upward comparisons (Gomez et al., 2022; Schmuck et al., 2019; Vogel et al., 2014).”
From The associations between social comparison on social media and young adults’ mental health (2025) · cites this paper as Vogel et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Numerous studies have correlated negative social comparison on social media with poor self-perceptions, low self-esteem, and perceived inferiority (de Vries & Kühne, 2015; Feinstein et al., 2013; Vogel et al., 2014).”
From Problematic social media use and inhibitory control among post-secondary students (2025) · cites this paper as Vogel et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“In addition, several studies suggest that Facebook affords users various tools for social comparison (Haferkamp & Krämer, 2011; Vogel et al., 2014).”
From The reciprocal and indirect relationships between passive Facebook use, comparison on Facebook, and adolescents' body dissatisfaction (2017) · cites this paper as Vogel et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Without doubt, the social comparison process is not unproblematic, because it might lead to lower self-esteem [79] and the size of one’s own real social network to be successfully handled seems to be limited by the so called Dunbar’s number (a theoretical limit to the number of people with whom any individual is able to sustain a stable or meaningful social relationship, usually considered to be”
From Addictive Features of Social Media/Messenger Platforms and Freemium Games against the Background of Psychological and Economic Theories (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
Citations
Cites
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814
The antecedents of self-esteem
Coopersmith, S. (1965) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,649
Downward comparison principles in social psychology
Wills, T. A. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.245 · Cited by 2,705
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Overconfidence and Excess Entry: An Experimental Approach
Camerer, C. F., & Lovallo, D. P. (1999) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.89.1.306 · Cited by 2,227
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem.
Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895 · Cited by 2,007 · cited 3×
“Notably, self-esteem can be conceptualized as both a mostly stable trait that develops over time and a fluid state that is responsive to daily events and contexts (Heatherton & Polivy, 1991).”
BackgroundMethod
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,002
Arayankalam, J., Krishnan, S., Ractham, P., & Papa, A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2023.3290152 · Cited by 2
Intensitas Penggunaan TikTok dan Self-Esteem: Studi pada Dewasa Awal
Reynaldo, R., & Sari, M. P. (2023) · Jurnal Humanipreneur · doi:10.53091/hum.v2i2.40 · Cited by 1
Sukik, L., Hoque, B., Boutefnouchet, L., Elhadary, M. R., Bawadi, H. A., & Shraim, M. (2023) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2023.09.006 · Cited by 1
You’re better off than me: Personality predictors of relative deprivation in youth
Jusić, M. (2023) · Ceskoslovenska psychologie · doi:10.51561/cspsych.67.5.244 · Cited by 1
Being Social on Social Media: How Does it Affect the Mental Health of Young Adults?
Almahdi, M. H., Alsayed, N., Sanad, Z., Abbas, A. A., & Kamel, D. M. (2023) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43300-9_19 · Cited by 1
Kim, H., Km, S., & Lee, H. (2023) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2286 · Cited by 1
Gambaran Social Comparison Pengguna Fitur Instastory pada Aplikasi Instagram di Kalangan Mahasiswa
Sudjarwo, A. B., Handayani, P. K., & Linsiya, R. W. (2023) · Jurnal Psikologi · doi:10.47134/pjp.v1i2.2001 · Cited by 1
Social comparison: Causes and effects
Bai, W. (2023) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/202318003030 · Cited by 1
The Online and Offline Communication Preferences of Armenian Social Network Users
Կարապետյան, Ա., & Gardner, S. (2023) · Journal of Sociology Bulletin of Yerevan University · doi:10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.2.066 · Cited by 1
Hofeditz, L., Erle, L., Timm, L., & Mirbabaie, M. (2023) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2023.420 · Cited by 1
Pengaruh Social Comparison Dan Adiksi Tiktok Terhadap Self Esteem Pada Remaja
Yulianto, I. A., & Virlia, S. (2023) · JURNAL DIVERSITA · doi:10.31289/diversita.v9i2.9365 · Cited by 1
Impact of Social Media on Body Image Perception and Self Esteem among Young Women
-, D. G., & -, S. K. G. (2024) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.17285 · Cited by 3
Machine Learning Analysis of Social Media’s Impact on Mental Health of Indian Youth
Pachava, V., Lasekan, O. A., Golla, S. K., & Gosikonda, S. (2024) · International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope · doi:10.47857/irjms.2024.v05i02.0592 · Cited by 3
Harmon, M., Bierman, A., & Lee, Y. (2024) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648241253729 · Cited by 1
Social Media Use and Its Effects on Self-Esteem among Young Adult in Brazil
Barbosa, A. (2024) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.47604/ijp.2618 · Cited by 1
“Fortune favors the prepared mind”
Cooke, P. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192865977.003.0017 · Cited by 1
Khoury, M. A. E., Malaeb, D. N., Fawaz, M. A., Chammas, N., Soufia, M., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Obeïd, S., & Hallit, S. R. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01871-x · Cited by 1
Erica, L., Pudjiati, S. R. R., & Boediman, L. M. (2024) · ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal · doi:10.24123/aipj.v39i2.6078 · Cited by 1
Liu, L. (2024) · Communications in Humanities Research · doi:10.54254/2753-7064/40/20242200 · Cited by 1
Evaluating the Intrapersonal Components of Self-Awareness in Students
Elghazali, O., & Allame, Y. E. K. E. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6021-7.ch002 · Cited by 1
Narcissistic vigilance to status cues
Atkinson, B. E., & Heerey, E. A. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104688 · Cited by 1
Subject-oriented comparison of different categories of users of the digital environment
Георгиевна, А. Н., & Samoylenko, E. S. (2024) · Psikhologicheskii zhurnal · doi:10.31857/s0205959224010075 · Cited by 1
Impact of Social Media on Self-Esteem Among Nursing Students
Arora, K., Gupta, R. K., Gupta, U., Babber, S., & Moza, I. (2024) · Indian Journal of Child Health · doi:10.32677/ijch.v11i9.4896 · Cited by 1
Lee, H., Song, J., & Lee, H.-S. (2025) · Psychoanalysis · doi:10.18529/psychoanal.2025.36.1.9 · Cited by 1
Keppler, E. N., Nexhmedin Morina, B., & Schlechter, P. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2454193 · Cited by 1
Students’ Social Media Use and Severity of Depression
Tungol, J., & Enad, F. B. (2025) · Psychology and Education A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.70838/pemj.360303 · Cited by 1
Exploring Problematic Social Media Use among Adolescents: A Comprehensive Study
Naaz, F., & Parveen, A. (2025) · The Review of Contemporary Scientific and Academic Studies · doi:10.55454/rcsas.5.05.2025.002 · Cited by 1
Yang, Q., Qiu, X., Wang, Y., & Lv, M. (2025) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2025-3-3 · Cited by 2
Sams, A. L., Smith, M. S., Moon, B. B., & Ray, L. J. (2025) · Journalism and Media · doi:10.3390/journalmedia6030103 · Cited by 1
Chen, J., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-025-00997-9 · Cited by 1
The Role of Positive Framing in the Future of Financial Planning
Lutter, S., Koochel, E. E., Heckman, S. J., & Collins, J. M. (2025) · Financial Planning Research Journal · doi:10.2478/fprj-2025-0005 · Cited by 2
Socially Marginalized Youths' Experiences with Social Media and its Impact on their Relationships
Regan, K. A. (2017) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
Les médias sociaux et le bonheur: Le cas de Facebook
Verduyn, P., Ybarra, O., Résibois, M., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2017) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1040776ar
Gallinari, E. F. (2018) · Journal of international women's studies · Cited by 1
Yazhi, L., Liu, H., & Jiang, Y. (2019) · International Workshop on Education Reform and Social Sciences (ERSS) · doi:10.2991/erss-18.2019.130 · Cited by 1
Narcissism as a Predictor of Self-Presentation
Sheldon, P., Rauschnabel, P. A., & Honeycutt, J. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815917-0.00002-2 · Cited by 1
Dodson, J. L., Preux, N. S., Thang, J., & Eikey, E. V. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43687-2_19 · Cited by 1
Exploitation of Health on Instagram
Blight, M. G. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-2414-8.ch024 · Cited by 1
Saputra, N. E., & Annisa, V. (2021) · Jurnal Inovasi dan Teknologi Pembelajaran · doi:10.17977/um031v8i12021p030 · Cited by 2
Merianos, A. L., Mahabee‐Gittens, E. M., Jacobs, W., Oloruntoba, O., Barry, A. E., & Smith, M. L. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13024 · Cited by 4
Facebook Depression or Facebook Contentment
Joseph, J. J., Desjarlais, M., & Herceg, L. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch061 · Cited by 1
Facebook, Social Comparison, and Subjective Well-Being
Joseph, J. J. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch066 · Cited by 1
Spirituality, self-esteem and the mechanisms of social and temporal comparison
Ollivaud, J., Galharret, J., & Roussiau, N. (2023) · Spiritual Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.37898/spiritualpc.1161114 · Cited by 1
Children’s Self-esteem Crisis During Indonesian Post-pandemic
Wahyuni, E. N., Maksum, A., Efiyanti, A. Y., Baharuddin, B., & Muhayani, U. (2023) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/978-2-38476-002-2_52 · Cited by 1
HUBUNGAN SOCIAL COMPARISON DENGAN SELF ESTEEM DEWASA AWAL DI KOTA KUPANG YANG MENGAKSES MEDIA SOSIAL
Baun, I. V. P., & Rahayu, M. N. M. (2023) · Psikodidaktika Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Psikologi Bimbingan dan Konseling · doi:10.32663/psikodidaktika.v8i1.3545 · Cited by 1
ElFadl, A. H., Alshakhsi, S. A. A., Panourgia, C., & Ali, R. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60215-3_21 · Cited by 1
Tatone, J. (2016) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 1
The Televised Social Daydreamer: Mediated Imagined Interaction Hypothesis and Identity Disclosure
Waggoner, E. B. (2018) · OpenCommons at University of Connecticut (University of Connecticut) · Cited by 1
The Impact of Social Networking Sites on Body Dissatisfaction among Men and Women: a Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Castaneda, F. (2020) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/vts75 · Cited by 1
Social Media Use and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depressed Mood among Adolescents
Þórisdóttir, I. E. (2020) · Opin vísindi (Opin vísindi) · Cited by 1
Examining the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Social Media Engagement
Kruchten, E. A. (2021) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University) · Cited by 1
#Neverenough: Social Comparison by Young Women on Instagram
Parnell, B. (2021) · doi:10.32920/15117069.v1 · Cited by 1
Thomas, M. F., Binder, A., Stević, A., & Matthes, J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4112926 · Cited by 1
Bolton, M. J., Ault, L. K., Burton, K. W., & Lazzaro, A. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2czxh · Cited by 2
Editorial: Self-presentation during self quarantine era
Hong, S., Lee, H.-M., & Kim, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194898 · Cited by 1
Jones, R. (2023) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.63767 · Cited by 1
The Predictive Power of Social Media Data
Lassen, N. B. (2023) · OpenArchive@CBS (Copenhagen Business School) · doi:10.22439/phd.29.2023 · Cited by 2
Sándor, A. V. (2023) · Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem · doi:10.15476/elte.2023.118 · Cited by 1
TikTok and the Influence of Social Media on Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health of BangladeshPreprint
Ahmed, M. (2025) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202505.1381.v1
Ntumi, S., Agbovor, D., Sakyi, L. L., Dogbe, V. W., Addo, C., & Kuupile, D. D. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6872928/v1 · Cited by 1
Risk-Seeking Motives and Speculative InvestmentPreprint
Arkolakis, C., Kwon, S., Russel, D., Shi, C., & Yang, H. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5761702 · Cited by 1
Vargas-Guerrero, E., Goya-Diaz, E., Morón-Sifuentes, J., Turpo Chaparro, J. E., Conde, I., & Huanca-Lopez, S. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.163145.1
Zhang, W., Duan, R., Li, H., Fang, Y., Zhao, W., Wan, F., & Fan, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1805798
An investigation into the impact of social networking platforms of adolescent identity formation
Reddan, A. (2015) · eSource (Dublin Business School)
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET STORYTELLING AN INQUIRY INTO AN INTANGIBLE MARKETING ASSET
Sfodera, F., Nosi, C., Mattiacci, A., & Petruzzellis, L. (2016) · Global marketing conference proceeding · doi:10.15444/gmc2016.08.09.01
The Underlying Consequences of Social Media
Baz, H. (2016) · Scholar Commons (Santa Clara University)
Self-Comparison: The Self in Digital World
Moningka, C. (2017) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1856-3.ch002 · Cited by 4
Brennan, S. (2016) · TRAP@NCI (National College of Ireland)
Bäckström, V. B., & Peolsson, V. (2014)
Self-esteem, motivation, and self-enhancement presentation on WeChat
Qiu, X. (2018) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
대학생의 사회비교경향성이 자아존중감을 매개로 SNS 중독에 미치는 영향
양인숙, & 황선아 (2018) · Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
The Relationship Between Social Media Use, Loneliness and Social Isolation
Doolan, E. L. (2019) · NORMA
الشریف, م. ا. ا. (2019) · مجلة الإرشاد النفسی · doi:10.21608/cpc.2019.42926
Zheng, A. (2019) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Is social media usage linked to anxiety and depression in adults
Roberts, L. (2019) · eSource (Dublin Business School)
Self-citationThe Effects of Social Media on The Human Psyche
Hall, K. P. (2019)
#nofilter: Online Personas and The Negative Impacts of Social Media on Young Adults’ Self-esteem
Godwin, J. (2019) · K ta Kita · doi:10.9744/katakita.7.2.220-227
Singh, C. (2020) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2020-14060
Towards the Design and Evaluation of Interactive Technologies for Social GoodPreprint
Mukherjee, S., Tsering, N., & Fiaidhi, J. (2020) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.12094191.v1
A Study of Social Media Behaviors and Mental Health Wellbeing from a Privacy Perspective
Wang, T., & Bashir, M. N. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51328-3_20
A Modern Digital Accessibility Issue: Understanding Social Media Anxiety in Users
Hayley, P. (2020) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Samat, F., Muda, T. E. A. T., Yusof, S. M., & Halim, A. A. A. (2020) · International Journal of Education Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.35631/ijepc.5350024
Social Networking Service and Depression: Evidence from China
Dui, H. (2020) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102013010232
Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak Öz Saygı: Konya Örneğinde Bir Araştırma
Balcı, Ş., BEKİROĞLU, O., & Karaman, S. Y. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Smith, C. H. (2020) · Philosophical studies series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50585-1_13
Towards the Design and Evaluation of Interactive Social Technologies: A Survey ReportPreprint
Mukherjee, S., Tsering, N., & Fiaidhi, J. (2020) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.12094191.v2
Increasing Anxiety and Depression in College Students with (and without) ADHD
Antshel, K. M. (2020) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2020.28.6.4
Review of the Relationship between Social Networking Sites Use and Mental Health of Adolescents
季, 秀. (2020) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2020.911240
السباعی, م. أ. (2020) · Al-Maǧallah Al-Miṣriyyaẗ Li-Buḥūṯ Al-Iʿlām · doi:10.21608/ejsc.2020.126769
Sharp, D. (2020) · Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)
Moderne liefde: de driehoeksverhouding tussen jou en mij en de smartphone
Garris, B. R. (2021) · Gezinstherapie Wereldwijd · doi:10.1007/s12440-021-00147-9
Social Media and Depression: EMU Students’ Use of Instagram
Jideonwo, C. L. (2019) · Eastern Mediterranean University Institutional Repository (Eastern Mediterranean University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K.
- Venue
- Psychology of Popular Media Culture
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 206-222
- ISSN
- 2160-4134 (ISSN-L)
- 2160-4142
- OpenAlex
- W2314000390
- Cited by
- 1,418
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 251 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 139 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 63.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Popular Media Culture (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- social comparison, social media, self-esteem, social networking sites, Facebook, long-term exposure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
