The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem.
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook, provide abundant social comparison opportunities. Given the widespread use of SNSs, the purpose of the present set of studies was to examine the impact of chronic and temporary exposure to social media-based social comparison information on self-este
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014) suggest that the extent of upward social comparisons on Facebook is greater than the extent of downward social comparisons and that upward social comparisons on social media may diminish self-esteem.”
From Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention (2019) · cites this paper as Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014)
In the citing paper
“Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014) suggest that the extent of upward social comparisons on Facebook is greater than the extent of downward social comparisons and that upward social comparisons on social media may diminish self-esteem.”
From Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention (2019) · cites this paper as Vogel, Rose, Roberts, & Eckles (2014)
In the citing paper
“Social media may also contribute to social comparison, potentially lowering self-esteem [8].”
From Long-Term Consequences of Time Spent on Social Media in Adolescence on Mental Health in Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study From Sweden. (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Societal expectations often pressure young males to maintain emotional stoicism, discouraging them from seeking support. This reluctance can lead to increased social withdrawal and contribute to depressive symptoms [43].”
From The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, frequent engagement with appearance-focused content can exacerbate self-consciousness and social withdrawal, worsening anxiety in social situations [43].”
From The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“This self-reported questionnaire was adapted from the Facebook usage questionnaire in Vogel et al. (2014) and consists of 5 items (Cronbach’s alpha (α) = 0.87)”
From The associations between social comparison on social media and young adults’ mental health (2025) · cites this paper as Vogel et al. (2014)
In the citing paper
“Studies have consistently shown that frequent use of SNSs is linked to an increase in these upward comparisons (Gomez et al., 2022; Schmuck et al., 2019; Vogel et al., 2014).”
From The associations between social comparison on social media and young adults’ mental health (2025) · cites this paper as Vogel et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Numerous studies have correlated negative social comparison on social media with poor self-perceptions, low self-esteem, and perceived inferiority (de Vries & Kühne, 2015; Feinstein et al., 2013; Vogel et al., 2014).”
From Problematic social media use and inhibitory control among post-secondary students (2025) · cites this paper as Vogel et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“In addition, several studies suggest that Facebook affords users various tools for social comparison (Haferkamp & Krämer, 2011; Vogel et al., 2014).”
From The reciprocal and indirect relationships between passive Facebook use, comparison on Facebook, and adolescents' body dissatisfaction (2017) · cites this paper as Vogel et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Without doubt, the social comparison process is not unproblematic, because it might lead to lower self-esteem [79] and the size of one’s own real social network to be successfully handled seems to be limited by the so called Dunbar’s number (a theoretical limit to the number of people with whom any individual is able to sustain a stable or meaningful social relationship, usually considered to be”
From Addictive Features of Social Media/Messenger Platforms and Freemium Games against the Background of Psychological and Economic Theories (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
Citations
Cites
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814
The antecedents of self-esteem
Coopersmith, S. (1965) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,649
Downward comparison principles in social psychology
Wills, T. A. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.245 · Cited by 2,705
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518 · Cited by 2,519
Overconfidence and Excess Entry: An Experimental Approach
Camerer, C. F., & Lovallo, D. P. (1999) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.89.1.306 · Cited by 2,227
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem.
Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895 · Cited by 2,007 · cited 3×
“Notably, self-esteem can be conceptualized as both a mostly stable trait that develops over time and a fluid state that is responsive to daily events and contexts (Heatherton & Polivy, 1991).”
BackgroundMethod
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How to Motivate “Lurkers” to Share Travel Experiences?—Based on Social Comparison Theory
陈, 莉. (2021) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2021.104126
Metadata
- Authors
- Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K.
- Venue
- Psychology of Popular Media Culture
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 206-222
- ISSN
- 2160-4134 (ISSN-L)
- 2160-4142
- OpenAlex
- W2314000390
- Cited by
- 1,418
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 251 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 139 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 63.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Popular Media Culture (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- social comparison, social media, self-esteem, social networking sites, Facebook, long-term exposure
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