Anti-immigrant prejudice: Understanding the roles of (perceived) values and value dissimilarity.

Wolf, Lukas J.; Weinstein, Netta; Maio, Gregory R.

doi:10.1037/pspi0000177

Cited by 74Social and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Differences and ValuesMigration, Refugees, and Integration

Anti-immigrant prejudice: Understanding the roles of (perceived) values and value dissimilarity.

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Wolf, Lukas J., Weinstein, Netta, Maio, Gregory R.·2019·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/pspi0000177

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Abstract

Although human values and value dissimilarity play pivotal roles in the prejudice literature, there remain important gaps in our understanding. To address these gaps, we recruited three British samples (N = 350) and presented Muslim immigrants, refugees, and economic migrants as target groups. Using polynomial regression analyses, we simultaneously tested effects of individuals' own values, their perceptions of immigrant values, and self-immigrant value dissimilarities on prejudice. Results indicated that favorability toward immigrants is higher when individuals hold higher self-transcendence values (e.g., equality) and lower self-enhancement values (e.g., power), and when they perceive immigrants to hold higher self-transcendence values and lower self-enhancement values. In addition, prejudice toward immigrants is higher when individuals who hold higher conservation values (e.g., security) perceive immigrants to value openness (e.g., freedom) more, suggesting a value dissimilarity effect. No value dissimilarity effects emerged when immigrants were perceived to be higher in conservation, self-transcendence, or self-enhancement values. Overall, these results showed that effects of values and value dissimilarity differ depending on which value dimension is considered. Additionally, the results revealed support for a novel mechanism with the motivation to be nonprejudiced underpinning the links between individuals' values and prejudice. Our discussion highlights the multifaceted manner in which values are linked to prejudice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

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False polarization might become a self-fulfilling prophecy, increasing affective and/or ideological polarization over time because prejudice can arise from even the illusory perception of dissimilarity between in-group and out-group members.
“That is, false polarization might increase affective and/or ideological polarization over time156 because prejudice can arise from even the illusory perception of dissimilarity between in-group and out-group members89,155,157.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [157]
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Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts
Jost, J. T., Baldassarri, D. S., & Druckman, J. N. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00093-5 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The importance of (shared) human values for containing the COVID‐19 pandemic
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Drivers of Sustainability and Consumer Well-Being: An Ethically-Based Examination of Religious and Cultural Values
Minton, E. A., Tan, S. J., Tambyah, S. K., & Liu, R. L. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04674-3 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Human values and ideological beliefs as predictors of attitudes toward immigrants across 20 countries: The country‐level moderating role of threat
Araújo, R. D. C. R., Bobowik, M., Vilar, R., Liu, J. H.-F., de Zúñiga, H. G., Kus, L., Lebedeva, N. M., & Gouveia, V. V. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2635 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Dimensions of religiousness and their connection to racial, ethnic, and atheist prejudices
Rowatt, W. C., & Al‐Kire, R. L. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.022 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Well-being as a function of person-country fit in human values
Hanel, P. H. P., Wolfradt, U., Wolf, L. J., Coelho, G. L. D. H., & Maio, G. R. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18831-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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Values, Attitudes and the Behaviour Paradigm: A Systematic Literature Review
Nazirova, Z., & Simonovits, B. (2024) · Journal of Human Values · doi:10.1177/09716858241236902 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Measured and manipulated effects of value similarity on prejudice and well-being
Wolf, L. J., Hanel, P. H. P., & Maio, G. R. (2020) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2020.1810403 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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When cultures clash: Links between perceived cultural distance in values and attitudes towards migrants
Albada, K., Hansen, N., & Otten, S. (2021) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12455 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Tale of Peaks and Valleys: Sinusoid Relationship Patterns Between Mountainousness and Basic Human Values
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How do people conceptualize mindfulness?
Haddock, G., Foad, C., & Thorne, S. R. (2022) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.211366 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Salience of Children Increases Adult Prosocial Values
Wolf, L. J., Thorne, S. R., Iosifyan, M., Foad, C. M. G., Taylor, S., Costin, V., Karremans, J. C., Haddock, G., & Maio, G. R. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211007605 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Stigmatization of Consensual Non-Monogamous Partners: Perceived Endorsement of Conservation or Openness to Change Values Vary According to Personal Attitudes
Rodrigues, D. L., Camposano, G. A., & Lopes, D. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-022-02368-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self‐transcendent leadership: A meta‐perspective
Theissen, M. H., Theissen, H. H., & Gümüşay, A. A. (2024) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12640 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Why personal values matter: values, colorblindness, and social justice action orientation
Tittler, M. V., Lannin, D. G., Han, S., & Wolf, L. J. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01006-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Claiming the role of positive psychology in the fight against prejudice
Sanders, C. A., Rose, H., Booker, J. A., & King, L. A. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.2012342 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sources of anti-immigrant sentiments in Western democracies: A contextual approach
Cheung‐Blunden, V., Dechesne, M., Miodus, S., Dixit, S., & Hyun, R. N. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101432 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Testing the parasite-stress theory of sociality based on the circular model of human values: A multilevel analysis approach
Ma, M. Z. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110277 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Are state–trait fit and state–situation fit relevant for within-person dynamics of personality states?
Kritzler, S., Horstmann, K. T., Quintus, M., Egloff, B., Wrzus, C., & Luhmann, M. (2024) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000519 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Values, lifestyles, and narratives of prejudices amongst Finnish youth
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The values we share: A multi‐method approach to understanding how perceived outgroup values are related to attitudes towards immigrants
López‐Rodríguez, L., Vázquez, A., Constantin, A. A., Bonafonte, M., & Zagefka, H. (2022) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12583 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The impact of ethnic affirmation and belonging on other-group orientation: The mediating role of personality traits and values in different ethnic groups
Long, Y., Zhu, S., Quan, F., Yang, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109574 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Values and physical activity among sports science students in France and China: a transcultural analysis
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How do self-transcendent values and institutional forces influence consumer intentions to purchase new energy vehicles under subsidy withdrawal? Evidence from China
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Self-Disclosure and Respect: Understanding the Engagement of Value Minorities
Dumas, T. L., Doyle, S., & Lount, R. B. (2023) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2021.15768 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Correcting Misperceptions of Fundamental Differences Between U.S. Republicans and Democrats: Some Hope-Inspiring Effects
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Self-citation
Social identity complexity decreases exclusion of immigrants by reducing the glorification dimension of national identification
Sekerdej, M., Kołeczek, M., Rupar, M., & Jamróz‐Dolińska, K. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302241267972 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring inclusiveness towards immigrants as related to basic values: A network approach
Nariman, H. S., Luu, L. A. N., & Hadarics, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260624 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Perceived value threats are related to fear of health impairments
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The “Malevolent” Benevolence: what happens to perceived immigrant threat when value priorities collide?
Grigoropoulou, N. (2021) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1877763 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The role of perceived self‐transcendence values in forming functional relationships with professionals
Amit, A., Oppenheim‐Weller, S., & Karmel, Y. (2025) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12897 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Claiming the role of positive psychology in the fight against prejudice
Sanders, C. A., Rose, H., Booker, J. A., & King, L. A. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.2013518 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
What Europeans Think About Immigration and Why It Matters
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.001.0001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The added value of perceived values: Partner's perceived values predict own behaviour in interdependent interactions
Mentser, S., & Amit, A. (2024) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3034 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
"Economic support? They don't really need it". Prejudice towards Latin American immigrants in Argentina.
Etchezahar, E. D., Ungaretti, J., & Marchiano, F. (2022) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.01.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Do left-wingers discriminate? A cross-country study on the links between political orientation, values, moral foundations, and the Covid-19 passport
Coelho, G. L. D. H., Wolf, L. J., Vilar, R., Monteiro, R. P., & Hanel, P. H. P. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04554-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Advancing the Knowledge of Spaniards’ Attitudes Towards Immigration
Carretero, R. C., García, M. M. F., & Martínez, M. C. V. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241271912 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
What motivates start-up entrepreneurs? Exploring the role of human values in success
Curtin, E., Coelho, G. L. D. H., & Hanel, P. H. P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312944 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The family transmission of prejudice toward immigrants. The mediating role of adolescents’ self-transcendence and conservation values
Zagrean, I., Rinallo, E., Russo, C., Scopelliti, M., & Barni, D. (2024) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2024.2445643 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mitigating Ethnic Moral Disengagement: The Role of Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Reflection, and Growth-Oriented Personal Values from an Integrative Perspective
Corbelli, G., Paciello, M., Sportelli, C., Cicirelli, P. G., & D’Errico, F. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15020169 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Seeing and treating the out-group like family: Transference effects in an ethnic context
Wolf, L. J., Karremans, J. C., & Maio, G. R. (2020) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430219897117 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Statistical Reform in The Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology:
YAMAUCHI, K. (2021) · The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan · doi:10.5926/arepj.60.122 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Role of Human Value Congruencies for the Acculturation of RefugeesPreprint
Hanel, P. H. P., Beier, M., & Wolfradt, U. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/tf4pw · Cited by 2 · see citing works
How do Adults Think, Feel, and Behave Toward Teenagers? Measuring and Understanding Adults’ Attitudes Toward Teenagers
Wolf, L. J., Costin, V., Iosifyan, M., Nolan, A., Hurst, E.-M., Ascensão, S., Foad, C. M. G., Haddock, G., & Maio, G. R. (2025) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506251377502 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Does dispositional awe foster young adults’ international altruism? The roles of self-transcendence and identity with all humanity
Wang, M., & Xu, Q. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06926-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anchors of belonging and the logics of othering of young Finns
Benjamin, S., Koirikivi, P., Elliott, K. E., Gearon, L., Namdar, C., & Kuusisto, A. (2023) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676261.2023.2271851 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Regional Variation in Social Norms and Domestic Anti-Immigrant Hostility
Kim, H. H. (2023) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/10693971231223279 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The psychology of pandemic policy support: unraveling the complex interplay of personal values and value congruence across 20 European countries
Ma, M. Z., Chen, S. X., & Wang, X. (2024) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diverging Ethnic Hierarchies? Cultural Distance, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Social Distance Perceptions in the Netherlands
Soiné, H., & Lancee, B. (2025) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-025-01237-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
VALUE ORIENTATION AND THE FEELING OF COMPASSION IN THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN STUDENTS
DRĂGAN, C. I. (2022) · Journal Plus Education · doi:10.24250/jpe/2/2022/cid
Categorizing you and me: toward a typology of prejudice and justice in the organization
Chou, S. Y., Barron, K., & Ramser, C. (2023) · International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior · doi:10.1108/ijotb-04-2022-0066
Werte
Hanel, P. H. P. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-37918-6_30
Anticipating self-stigma: The roles of values and perceptions of therapy clients.
Lannin, D. G., Wolf, L. J., & Heath, P. J. (2023) · Stigma and Health · doi:10.1037/sah0000446
Self-citation
Exploring the influence of human values on perceptions of immigration: an experimental approach
Pathak, P., & Jia, F. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00166-x
Does a government's organizational structure affect the governance structure of local family firms? A perspective on the number of cities’ subordinate counties
Yu, X., Sun, S., Cheng, X., Wang, M.-L., & Fu, X. (2024) · Finance research letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2024.105577
Kültürel Kaynaşmaya Dayalı Hizmet Ederek Öğrenme Uygulaması Olarak Damla Projesi’nin Gençler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Nitel Yöntem Araştırması
Ekici, H., Yücel, E., & Boyacı, B. (2024) · Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1428908
Values
Hanel, P. H. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-45155-4_30
Judging People with Multiple Identities: The Case of Perceived Identity Integration
Oppenheim‐Weller, S., & Amit, A. (2026) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/00220221251410474
From influencers to lecturers: Understanding public attitudes toward digital vs. traditional jobs
Hanel, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., & Haase, J. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101046
Perceived Value Congruence Between Parents: Effects on Young People’s Anxiety, Clear Communication, and Value Priorities
Tunç, H., Hanel, P. H. P., Morris, P. G., Kyranides, M. N., & Williams, J. M. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09393-y
From value protection to value recognition: How majority perceptions of minority values inform anti-Muslim attitudes
Meeusen, C., Gale, J., Politi, E., Oost, P. V., Phalet, K., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2026) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2026.102435
List of Figures
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.002.0003
What Are Attitudes to Immigration?
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0002
Conclusions
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0009
Explaining What Europeans Think About Immigration
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0003
Why Attitudes to Immigration Matter for Migration Policies
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0006
Why Attitudes to Immigration Matter for Communication
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0007
Why It Matters What Europeans Think About Immigration
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0001
The Need for Narratives on Immigration
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0004
List of Tables
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.002.0004
Why Attitudes to Immigration Matter for the Future of Europe
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0008
Why Attitudes to Immigration Matter for Party Politics
Dennison, J., & Geddes, A. (2026) · doi:10.1093/9780191982842.003.0005
From referendum to reconciliation: How shared values and identities align with a commitment to long‐term collective action
Haines, E. G., Thomas, E. F., Wibisono, S., Louis, W. R., Acevedo, J. D., & Wenzel, M. (2026) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.70195
Religious Belief‐Based Workplace Discrimination in the UK: The Importance of Intergroup Threat
Luke, M. A., & Morrison, K. R. (2026) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.70116

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Values and Attitudes towards Immigrants: Cross-Cultural Differences across 25 Countries
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Goel, P. (2023) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)

Authors: Wolf, L. J., Weinstein, N., & Maio, G. R.
Affiliations: University of Bath (GB)
Cardiff University (GB)
ORCID: Wolf, Lukas J.
Weinstein, Netta
Maio, Gregory R.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2019-11
Volume: 117
Issue: 5
Pages: 925-953
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000177
OpenAlex: W2903112294
Cited by: 74
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 14.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
researchportal.bath.ac.uk
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure (University of Bath) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Keywords: prejudice against immigrants, human values, self-transcendence, self-enhancement, conservation, openness to experience, Muslim immigrants, refugees, economic migrants
MeSH terms: Humans, Islam, Motivation, Prejudice, White People, Emigrants and Immigrants

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Anti-immigrant prejudice: Understanding the roles of (perceived) values and value dissimilarity.

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