How do listeners time response articulation when answering questions? The role of speech rate.
Open accessAbstract
?) of questions using time-compression, so that each component was spoken at the natural rate or twice as a fast. Listeners responded earlier when the context was speeded rather than natural, suggesting they used the speaker's context rate to time answer articulation. Additionally, listeners responded earlier when the speaker's final syllable was speeded than natural, regardless of context rate, suggesting they adjusted the timing of articulation after listening to a single syllable produced at a different rate. We replicated this final word effect in Experiment 2, which also showed that our speech rate manipulation did not influence the timing of response preparation. Together, these findings suggest listeners use speech rate information to time articulation when answering questions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Corps, Gambi, and Pickering (2020) showed that participants in a laboratory study used both the global speech rate of yes/no questions they had to answer and the duration of the final word of the question to predict the end of the question and time their answer accordingly.
“Corps, Gambi, and Pickering (2020) showed that participants in a laboratory study used both the global speech rate of yes/no questions they had to answer and the duration of the final word of the question to predict the end of the question and time their answer accordingly.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Corps, Gambi, and Pickering, 2020
Listeners predict ends of turns and launch prepared responses in anticipation rather than in response to them.
“The second claim is that listeners predict ends of turns and launch prepared responses in anticipation rather than in response to them.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Corps, Gambi, and Pickering, 2020
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x · Cited by 88,486 · see citing works
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x · Cited by 49,574 · see citing works
Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal
Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001 · Cited by 10,328 · see citing works
“Cloze Procedure”: A New Tool for Measuring Readability
Taylor, W. L. (1953) · Journalism Quarterly · doi:10.1177/107769905303000401 · Cited by 2,332 · see citing works
Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results
Dienes, Z. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781 · Cited by 1,998 · see citing works
Cortical oscillations and speech processing: emerging computational principles and operations
Giraud, A., & Poeppel, D. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3063 · Cited by 1,924 · see citing works
Intonational structure in Japanese and English
Beckman, M. E., & Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1986) · Phonology Yearbook · doi:10.1017/s095267570000066x · Cited by 1,808 · see citing works
Default Bayes factors for ANOVA designs
Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Speckman, P. L., & Province, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2012.08.001 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Pitch-synchronous waveform processing techniques for text-to-speech synthesis using diphones
Moulines, É., & Charpentier, F. (1989) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/0167-6393(90)90021-z · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Conceptual pacts and lexical choice in conversation.
Brennan, S., & Clark, H. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.22.6.1482 · Cited by 1,572 · see citing works
Universals and cultural variation in turn-taking in conversation
Stivers, T., Enfield, N. J., Brown, P., Englert, C., Hayashi, M., Heinemann, T., Hoymann, G., Rossano, F., de Ruiter, J. P., Yoon, K.-E., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903616106 · Cited by 1,533 · see citing works
The dynamics of attending: How people track time-varying events.
Large, E. W., & Jones, M. R. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.1.119 · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversations.
Duncan, S. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033031 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions
Arnal, L. H., & Giraud, A.-L. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.05.003 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Schriefers, H. J., Meyer, A. S., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1990) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(90)90011-n · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying selective neuronal tracking of attended speech at a “cocktail party”
Zion Golumbic, E. M., Ding, N., Bickel, S., Lakatos, P., Schevon, C. A., McKhann, G. M., Goodman, R. R., Emerson, R., Mehta, A. D., Simon, J. Z., et al. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.037 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Syntactic co-ordination in dialogue
Branigan, H. P., Pickering, M. J., & Cleland, A. A. (2000) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00081-5 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Self-citationTiming in turn-taking and its implications for processing models of language
Levinson, S. C., & Torreira, F. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00731 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Neural Oscillations Carry Speech Rhythm through to Comprehension
Peelle, J. E., & Davis, M. H. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00320 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Doelling, K. B., Arnal, L. H., Ghitza, O., & Poeppel, D. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.035 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Projecting the End of a Speaker's Turn: A Cognitive Cornerstone of Conversation
de Ruiter, J. P., Mitterer, H., & Enfield, N. J. (2006) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.2006.0130 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Psychological Research on Joint Action
Knoblich, G., Butterfill, S., & Sebanz, N. (2011) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385527-5.00003-6 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Davis, M. H., Johnsrude, I. S., Hervais-Adelman, A., Taylor, K., & McGettigan, C. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.222 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Temporal modulations in speech and music
Ding, N., Patel, A. D., Chen, L., Butler, H., Luo, C., & Poeppel, D. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.011 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
An oscillator model of the timing of turn-taking
Wilson, M., & Wilson, T. P. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03206432 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Ferreira, F., & Swets, B. (2002) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.2001.2797 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Park, H., Ince, R. A. A., Schyns, P. G., Thut, G., & Groß, J. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.049 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Speech Rates in British English
Tauroza, S., & Allison, D. (1990) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/11.1.90 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Articulation Rate and Its Variability in Spontaneous Speech: A Reanalysis and Some Implications
Miller, J. L., Grosjean, F., & Lomanto, C. (1984) · Phonetica · doi:10.1159/000261728 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Turn-taking cues in task-oriented dialogue
Gravano, A., & Hirschberg, J. (2011) · Computer Speech & Language · doi:10.1016/j.csl.2010.10.003 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Menenti (2011) · doi:10.1177/0956797611418347 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Pitch-synchronous waveform processing techniques for text-to-speech synthesis using diphones
Charpentier, F., & Moulines, É. (1989) · European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech) · doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1989-172 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Semantic and Associative Priming in Picture Naming
Alario, F. ‐., Seguí, J., & Ferrand, L. (2000) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755907 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Shared Syntax in Language Production and Language Comprehension--An fMRI Study
Segaert, K., Menenti, L., Weber, K., Petersson, K. M., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr249 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Neural signatures of response planning occur midway through an incoming question in conversation
Bögels, S., Magyari, L., & Levinson, S. C. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep12881 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The role of temporal prediction abilities in interpersonal sensorimotor synchronization
Pecenka, N., & Keller, P. E. (2011) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2616-0 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Neural Entrainment Determines the Words We Hear
Kösem, A., Bosker, H. R., Takashima, A., Meyer, A. S., Jensen, O. B., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.023 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Altering Context Speech Rate Can Cause Words to Appear or Disappear
Dilley, L. C., & Pitt, M. A. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610384743 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
SPEECH CONVERGENCE AND SPEECH EVALUATION IN FACT-FINDING INTERVIEWS
Street, R. L. (1984) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00043.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Ghitza, O. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00238 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Prediction of Turn-Ends Based on Anticipation of Upcoming Words
Magyari, L., & de Ruiter, J. P. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00376 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Effects of speaking rate and lexical status on phonetic perception.
Miller, J. L., & Dexter, E. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.14.3.369 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The use of content and timing to predict turn transitions
Garrod, S., & Pickering, M. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00751 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Brain Behind the Response: Insights Into Turn-taking in Conversation From Neuroimaging
Bögels, S., & Levinson, S. C. (2016) · Research on Language and Social Interaction · doi:10.1080/08351813.2017.1262118 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Corps, R. E., Crossley, A., Gambi, C., & Pickering, M. J. (2018) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.01.015 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationOn The Analysis of Prosodic Turn-Taking Cues
Cutler, A., & Pearson, M. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429468650-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Long-Term Temporal Tracking of Speech Rate Affects Spoken-Word Recognition
Baese‐Berk, M. M., Heffner, C. C., Dilley, L. C., Pitt, M. A., Morrill, T. H., & McAuley, J. D. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614533705 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Temporal Preparation for Speaking in Question-Answer Sequences
Magyari, L., De Ruiter, J. P., & Levinson, S. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00211 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Speech rates converge in scripted turn-taking conversations
Schultz, B. G., O'Brien, I., Phillips, N. A., McFarland, D. H., Titone, D. A., & Palmėr, C. (2015) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716415000545 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Predicting turn-ends in discourse context
Corps, R. E., Pickering, M. J., & Gambi, C. (2018) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2018.1552008 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationOscillators and Syllables: A Cautionary Note
Cummins, F. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00364 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Meyer, A. S., Alday, P. M., Decuyper, C., & Knudsen, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00525 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Time after time: The coordinating influence of tempo in music and speech
Jungers, M. K., Palmėr, C., & Speer, S. R. (2002) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Loebach, J. L., Pisoni, D. B., & Svirsky, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0017609 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pitt, M. A., Szostak, C. M., & Dilley, L. C. (2015) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-015-0981-7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Timing responses to questions in dialogue
Strömbergsson, S., Hjalmarsson, A., Edlund, J., & House, D. (2013) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-581 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Speech priming: Evidence for rate persistence in unscripted speech
Jungers, M. K., & Hupp, J. M. (2009) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690960802602241 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Morrill, T. H., Dilley, L. C., McAuley, J. D., & Pitt, M. A. (2014) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2013.12.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Models Linking Production and Comprehension
Gambi, C., & Pickering, M. J. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118829516.ch7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationWithholding planned speech is reflected in synchronized beta-band oscillations
Piai, V., Roelofs, A., Rommers, J., Dahlslätt, K., & Maris, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00549 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Are we `in sync': turn-taking in collaborative dialogues
Beňuš, Š. (2009) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-618 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
New tests of the distal speech rate effect: examining cross-linguistic generalization
Dilley, L. C., Morrill, T. H., & Banzina, E. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.01002 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 63 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meyer, A. S. (2023) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.268 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Magyari, L. (2021) · Language, cognition and mind · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66175-5_5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hoogland, D., White, L., & Knight, S. (2023) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages8020115 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Visual bodily signals and conversational context benefit the anticipation of turn ends
ter Bekke, M., Levinson, S. C., van Otterdijk, L., Kühn, M., & Holler, J. (2024) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105806 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Planning when to say: Dissociating cue use in utterance initiation using cross-validation.
Brehm, L. E., & Meyer, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The attentional demands of combining comprehension and production in conversation
Jongman, S. R. (2021) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2021.02.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Torreira, F., & Bögels, S. (2022) · Journal of Phonetics · doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2022.101175 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Making oneself predictable in linguistic interactions
Lelonkiewicz, J. R., & Gambi, C. (2020) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103125 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationInteractive alignment as an allostatic process: A literature review
Niño, D., Rodríguez, S., Herrera, D. A., Ramírez, M. B., Valencia, S. M., & Cárdenas, J. C. V. (2023) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2023.101030 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Corps, R. E., Shehzad, M., McLaren, A. I., Fernandez, L. B., & Hadley, L. V. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105694 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationRhythmic speech accelerates turn-taking
Nabrotzky, J., Scharinger, M., & Meyer, L. (2026) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2026.2753473
- Authors
- Corps, R. E., Gambi, C., & Pickering, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Corps, Ruth E.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 781-802
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- OpenAlex
- W2968482590
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/J500136/1)
- Leverhulme (RPG-2014-523)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- speech rate, question answering, speech perception, time compression, response preparation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Psycholinguistics, Speech, Speech Perception, Time Factors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review