Neural signatures of response planning occur midway through an incoming question in conversation
Open accessAbstract
A striking puzzle about language use in everyday conversation is that turn-taking latencies are usually very short, whereas planning language production takes much longer. This implies overlap between language comprehension and production processes, but the nature and extent of such overlap has never been studied directly. Combining an interactive quiz paradigm with EEG measurements in an innovative way, we show that production planning processes start as soon as possible, that is, within half a second after the answer to a question can be retrieved (up to several seconds before the end of the question). Localization of ERP data shows early activation even of brain areas related to late stages of production planning (e.g., syllabification). Finally, oscillation results suggest an attention switch from comprehension to production around the same time frame. This perspective from interactive language use throws new light on the performance characteristics that language competence involves.
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Several experiments have shown that speech planning during listening is possible and that it facilitates fast responding.
“However, several experiments have shown that speech planning during listening is indeed possible and that it facilitates fast responding.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Bögels, Magyari, and Levinson, 2015
The Abstract and Conclusion (pages unavailable) report that listeners began planning responses while questions were still incoming and propose that early planning helps explain rapid conversational turn-taking. The paper establishes this in its own interactive quiz study, but it does not show that several experiments demonstrated the same conclusion; the other studies discussed in the Conclusion suggest later planning and are described as contrasting with its findings. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEEG recordings during the Bögels et al. task suggested that planning during listening progressed to the level of phonological form retrieval.
“Moreover, EEG recordings during the task suggested that planning during listening progressed to the level of phonological form retrieval”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Bögels, Magyari, and Levinson, 2015
Bögels, Magyari, and Levinson (2015) found that average response latency was shorter by about 300 ms in the early-cue than in the late-cue condition.
“This prediction was borne out, with the average response latency being shorter by about 300 ms in the early-cue than in the late-cue condition.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Bögels, Magyari, and Levinson, 2015
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- Authors
- Bögels, S., Magyari, L., & Levinson, S. C.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (NL)
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Bögels, Sara
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-08-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12881-12881
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4525376
- OpenAlex
- W1427377083
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 7.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (269484)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- response planning, language production, turn-taking, language comprehension, event-related potentials, EEG, oscillations, attentional shift, syllabification
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Brain, Choice Behavior, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Verbal Behavior, Comprehension, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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